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Published bySilas Willis Modified over 9 years ago
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11 Terminology Element – group of atoms with the same number of protons. Compound – chemical substance formed from 2 or more elements and which has a definite chemical formula. Compounds do not have to formed from molecules since compounds can be crystal structures such as table salt. Mixture – substance with components that have not combined chemically. Chemical Substance - an element, compound, or mixture. Molecule – smallest particle of chemical substance that has the same composition and chemical properties, e.g. water molecule.
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12 Solids Crystal Structure Crystal Power? Density Elasticity Tension and Compression Arches Scaling
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Crystal Structure solids with a regularly repeating pattern are crystals Examples: Graphite NaCl hexagonal cubic
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X-Ray Crystallography X-Rays are used to determine the structure of crystalline solids
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Density Density = mass/volume depends on chemical type and structure water 1.0 grams/cm 3 ice 0.9 grams/cm 3 copper 8.9 grams/cm 3 lead 11.9 grams/cm 3 gold 19.3 grams/cm 3
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Elasticity - ability to regain shape elastic material – perfectly regains shape inelastic material – incompletely regains shape elastic limit – force in which an elastic material becomes inelastic
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Hooke’s Law Elastic Force ~ amount of stretch or compression F ~ x Example: many springs obey Hooke’s Law within their elastic limit.
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Hooke’s Law
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Longer objects are easier to stretch. Thicker objects are harder to stretch.
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Tension, Compression, and Bending
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Strength and Shape
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Scaling mass ~ size 3 strength ~ size 2 how does this affect animals and structures when changing their size?
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