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11 Terminology Element – group of atoms with the same number of protons. Compound – chemical substance formed from 2 or more elements and which has a definite.

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Presentation on theme: "11 Terminology Element – group of atoms with the same number of protons. Compound – chemical substance formed from 2 or more elements and which has a definite."— Presentation transcript:

1 11 Terminology Element – group of atoms with the same number of protons. Compound – chemical substance formed from 2 or more elements and which has a definite chemical formula. Compounds do not have to formed from molecules since compounds can be crystal structures such as table salt. Mixture – substance with components that have not combined chemically. Chemical Substance - an element, compound, or mixture. Molecule – smallest particle of chemical substance that has the same composition and chemical properties, e.g. water molecule.

2 12 Solids Crystal Structure Crystal Power? Density Elasticity Tension and Compression Arches Scaling

3 Crystal Structure solids with a regularly repeating pattern are crystals Examples: Graphite NaCl hexagonal cubic

4 X-Ray Crystallography X-Rays are used to determine the structure of crystalline solids

5 Density Density = mass/volume depends on chemical type and structure water 1.0 grams/cm 3 ice 0.9 grams/cm 3 copper 8.9 grams/cm 3 lead 11.9 grams/cm 3 gold 19.3 grams/cm 3

6 Elasticity - ability to regain shape elastic material – perfectly regains shape inelastic material – incompletely regains shape elastic limit – force in which an elastic material becomes inelastic

7 Hooke’s Law Elastic Force ~ amount of stretch or compression F ~  x Example: many springs obey Hooke’s Law within their elastic limit.

8 Hooke’s Law

9 Longer objects are easier to stretch. Thicker objects are harder to stretch.

10 Tension, Compression, and Bending

11 Strength and Shape

12 Scaling mass ~ size 3 strength ~ size 2 how does this affect animals and structures when changing their size?

13 End 12


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