1. Today: Nutrition and Digestion Next Week: Circulation, Respiration, and Reproduction

2. During digestion complex molecules are broken down and then used to build needed molecules and to produce energy

3. Food Pyramid based on 2,000 calories/day

4. http://www.pcrm.org/magazine/gm07autumn/health_pork.html Federal Food Subsidies vs Food Pyramid

5. Protein needed per day = 0.8g/kg of body weight So a 150 lb person needs 54 g or 2 oz of protein/day

6. 20 amino acids CB 5.17

7. 8 Essential Amino Acids CB 41.10

8. Many cultures combine these foods in their traditional diets: beans and rice, beans and corn, peanut butter on bread, soy and rice, lentils and bread or rice CB 41.10

9. The Calorie Restriction Society for people trying to live longer by eating fewer calories http://youtube.com/watch?v=YTQR7o9ap9Y

10. Regulation of Drosophila Life Span by Olfaction and Food-Derived Odors S Libert, J Zwiener, X Chu, W VanVoorhies, G Roman, S Pletcher Science Vol. 315:1133 - 1137 23 February 2007

11. Calorie Restricted Flies Normal Diet Flies Smelling food reduces life span in CR flies Fig 1

12. Flies with a poor sense of smell live longer Or83b is a gene involved in the fly’s sense of smell Fig 2A

13. Fig 4B Flies lacking the Or83b gene are resistant to starvation

14. Calorie Restricted Flies Normal Diet Flies Smelling food reduces life span in CR flies Fig 1

15. http://www.calorierestriction.org/ http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/12/30/eveningnews/main1172297.shtml http://stke.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/sci;315/5815/1133 http://stke.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/sci;315/5812/584 Calorie Restriction related websites:

16. JAMA, November 7, 2007—Vol 298, No. 17 pg 2028-37 Cause-Specific Excess Deaths Associated with Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity Flegal KM et al JAMA, November 7, 2007—Vol 298, No. 17 pg 2028-37 Overweight (BMI 25-30) people live longer than normal (BMI 18.5-25), underweight (BMI 30) people

17. JAMA, November 7, 2007—Vol 298, No. 17 pg 2028-37 Overweight people live longer than normal, underweight, or obese people for all causes of death CVD= cardiovascular disease

18. JAMA, November 7, 2007 Vol 298: 2028-37

19. CB 41.15 The Digestive System

21. CO 2 + H 2 OC 6 H 12 0 6 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O C 6 H 12 0 6 + O 2 light sugar Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration ATP energy ADP

22. Energy used Energy released Cells store energy in ATP

23. Using ATP

24. Complex molecules are broken down and then used to build needed molecules and to produce energy

25. Animals take in complex molecules from the environment for energy production

26. Animal digestion occurs outside of our cells.

27. animal and fungal digestion occurs outside of our cells.

28. CB 41.21 Physical digestion: liquefying of food Chemical digestion: breaking large molecules into small molecules