5. HOW DOES THE PERIODIC TABLE LOOK LIKE?
I GROUP/FAMILY (vertical column) have similar chemical properties
II PERIODS/SERIES (horizontal row)
- has same core elements and number of main energy levels

6. Group 1A – Alkali Metals soft, malleable; lustrous, good conductors
MOST REACTIVE family of metals

7. TRIVIA
Lithium NO MORE
The soft drink Seven-Up originally contained lithium citrate. The lithium was claimed to give the beverage healthful benefits including “an abundance in energy, enthusiasm, a clear complexion, lustrous hair, and shining eyes!” The lithium was removed from the beverage in the early 1950’s about the same time that the ANTIPSYCHOTIC action of lithium was discovered.

8. Group 2A – Alkaline Earth higher densities and melting points than alkali metals; NOT as reactive as alkali

9. Group 3A
Boron Family
- except for Boron which is a metalloid the rest of the elements are considered metals.

10. Carbon Family Group 4A They all have 4 valence electrons.
They react in similar ratios with oxygen and other elements.
They can form up to 4 bonds – more than any other family!!
Germanium is a metalloid

11. Group 5A Nitrogen Family
Nitrogen and phosphorus are nonmetals.
Arsenic is a metalloid with mostly nonmetallic properties.
Antimony is a metalloid with mostly metallic properties.
Bismuth is the most metallic element in the family.
All members of the nitrogen family have five electrons in their outermost energy level.
These elements lose electrons easily.

12. Oxygen Family/ Calcogens
Group 6A
Oxygen Family/ Calcogens
All of these have six electrons in their outermost energy level.
Their properties go from nonmetallic in oxygen and sulfur
Selenium and Tellurium are metalloids
Polonium have metallic properties

13. Group 7A Halogens (salt-formers)
- MOST REACTIVE Non-Metals
- do not occur free in nature; commonly found in sea water, minerals, & living tissues
have low melting points and boiling points
In the gas phase they exist as diatomic elements
Halogens combine readily with metals to form a class of compounds known as salts

14. Noble gases/Inert gases
Group 8A
Noble gases/Inert gases
- VERY INACTIVE elements
- used in balloons, scuba diving tanks, light bulbs
- do not readily combine with other elements to form compounds
- found in small amounts in the earth's atomsphere.
- One important property of the noble gasses is their inactivity. They are inactive because their outermost energy level is full.

15. COINAGE / TRANSITION METALS
- these elements can be made into coins.
- able to put more than eight electrons in the shell that is one in from the outermost shell.
- can use the two outermost shells/orbitals to bond with other elements

16. OTHER SERIES LANTHANIDE means RARE-EARTH. ACTINIDE means RADIOACTIVE.
They were thought not scarce or rare but VERY DIFFICULT to extract from their ores.
ACTINIDE means RADIOACTIVE.
All the elements are really radioactive.

17. CHEMICAL SYMBOLS
I Alchemists (1st to use symbols for different elements) II 1808—John Dalton introduced the framework for the symbols III Jons Jakob Berzelius (1st to use letter symbols; used the 1st letter of the name of the element) * note: There are only 26 letters of the alphabet, so he added a 2nd letter to the symbol of the other elements whose sound is CONSPICUOUS when the name of the element is pronounced. Ex. Ca—Calcium; Cl– Chlorine

18. CHEMICAL SYMBOLS IV Some symbols came from their Latin/German names:
Gold (Au) – “AURUM”
Silver (Ag) “ARGENTUM”
Lead (Pb) “PLUMBUM”
Potassium (K) – “KALIUM”
Tin (Sn) “STANNUM”
Iron (Fe) – ‘FERRUM”
Mercury (Hg) – “HYDRAGYRUM”
Sodium (Na) – “NATRIUM”
Antimony (Sb) – “STIBIUM”
Copper (Cu) – “CUPRUM”
Tungsten (W) – German name “WOLFRAM”

19. CHEMICAL SYMBOLS V NAME of the DISCOVERER OR SCIENTIST
Ex. Einstenium (Es) - Einstein
Mendelevium (Md) – Mendeleev
VI Name of gods
Ex. Thorium (Th) - Thor
Vanadium (V) – Vanadis
VII PLACE
Ex. Francium (Fr) - France

20. CHEMICAL SYMBOLS
VIII For new elements without name yet the rule on systemic name is followed. numerical roots 0 = nil 1 = un 2 = bi 3 = tri 4 = quad 5 = pent 6 = hex 7 = sept 8 = oct 9 = enn A) roots are assembled in the order of the digits in the element’s number B) suffix = IUM added after Ex. Element 113 = un - un— tri –ium Ununtrium (Uut) Note: Final “n” of “enn” is omitted if before ‘nil”. Ex. 190 = un—enn—nil –ium (Unenilium—Uen) “i” of “bi” or “tri” omitted when it occurs before “ium”.