1. Supporting standards comprise 35% of the U. S. History Test 12 (B)

2. Supporting Standard (12) The student understands the impact of geographic factors on major events. The Student is expected to: (B) Identify & explain reasons for changes in political boundaries such as those resulting from statehood & international conflicts

3. Supporting Standard (12) The student understands the impact of geographic factors on major events. The Student is expected to: (B) 1 Identify & explain reasons for changes in political boundaries such as those resulting from statehood

4. Human Geography Human geography is one of the two major sub-fields of the discipline of geography. Human geography is a branch of the social sciences that studies the world, its people, communities and cultures with an emphasis on relations of and across space and place. Human geography differs from physical geography mainly in that it has a greater focus on studying human activities and is more receptive to qualitative research methodologies. As a discipline, human geography is particularly diverse with respect to its methods & theoretical approaches to study.

5. Requirements for statehood The most significant intended purpose of this legislation was its mandate for the creation of new states from the region, once a population of 60,000 had been achieved within a particular territory. The actual legal mechanism of the admission of new states was established in the Enabling Act of 1802. The first state created from the Northwest Territory was Ohio, in 1803, at which time the remainder was renamed Indiana Territory. The other four states were Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin. A significant portion (about 1/3) of Minnesota was also part of the territory. Further South

6. Louisiana The Territory of Louisiana or Louisiana Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the U. S. that existed from July 4, 1805 until June 4, 1812, when it was renamed to Missouri Territory. It was formed out of part of the lands acquired by the U. S. in the Louisiana Purchase, in which French Louisiana was bought from France.

7. Hawaii The Admission Act, formally An Act to Provide for the Admission of the State of Hawaii into the Union is a statute enacted by the U. S. Congress and signed into law by President Eisenhower which dissolved the Territory of Hawaii and established the State of Hawaii as the 50th state to be admitted to the Union. Statehood became effective on August 21, 1959. Hawaii remains the most recent state to join the United States.

8. Supporting Standard (12) The student understands the impact of geographic factors on major events. The Student is expected to: (B) 2 Identify & explain reasons for changes in political boundaries such as those resulting from international conflicts

9. Northwest Territory The Territory Northwest of the River Ohio, more commonly known as the Northwest Territory, was an organized incorporated territory of the United States. It existed from July 13, 1787, until March 1, 1803, when the southeastern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the state of Ohio. Previously, it was part of the British Province of Quebec, and a territory under British rule set aside in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 for use by Native Americans, which was assigned to the United States in the Treaty of Paris (1783). The Congress of the Confederation enacted the Northwest Ordinance in 1787 to provide for the administration of the territories and set rules for admission as a state. On August 7, 1789, the new U.S. Congress affirmed the Ordinance with slight modifications under the Constitution. The territory included all the land of the United States west of Pennsylvania and northwest of the Ohio River. It covered all of the modern states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin, as well as the northeastern part of Minnesota. The area covered more than 260,000 square miles.

10. Mexican Cession The Mexican Cession of 1848 is a historical name in the United States for the region of the present day southwestern U. S. that Mexico ceded to the U.S. in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, but had not been part of the areas east of the Rio Grande which had been claimed by the Republic, though the Texas Annexation resolution two years earlier had not specified Texas’s southern and western boundary.

11. Appendix— Statehood (ctd.) #StateDate joinedWhat it was before becoming a state 1DelawareFriday, December 7, 1787 ‡December 71787Lower Counties on DelawareLower Counties on Delaware, then sovereign state in ConfederationstateConfederation 2PennsylvaniaWednesday, December 12, 1787 ‡December 121787Province of PennsylvaniaProvince of Pennsylvania, then sovereign state in ConfederationstateConfederation 3New JerseyTuesday, December 18, 1787 ‡December 181787Province of New JerseyProvince of New Jersey, then sovereign state in ConfederationstateConfederation 4GeorgiaWednesday, January 2, 1788 ‡January 21788Province of GeorgiaProvince of Georgia, then sovereign state in ConfederationstateConfederation 5ConnecticutWednesday, January 9, 1788 ‡January 91788Connecticut ColonyConnecticut Colony, then sovereign state in ConfederationstateConfederation 6MassachusettsWednesday, February 6, 1788 ‡February 61788Province of Massachusetts BayProvince of Massachusetts Bay, then sovereign state in ConfederationstateConfederation 7MarylandMonday, April 28, 1788 ‡April 281788Province of MarylandProvince of Maryland, then sovereign state in ConfederationstateConfederation 8South CarolinaFriday, May 23, 1788 ‡May 231788Province of South CarolinaProvince of South Carolina, then sovereign state in ConfederationstateConfederation 9New HampshireSaturday, June 21, 1788 ‡June 211788Province of New HampshireProvince of New Hampshire, then sovereign state in ConfederationstateConfederation 10VirginiaWednesday, June 25, 1788 ‡June 251788Virginia ColonyVirginia Colony, then sovereign state in ConfederationstateConfederation 11New YorkSaturday, July 26, 1788 ‡July 261788Province of New YorkProvince of New York, then sovereign state in ConfederationstateConfederation 12North CarolinaSaturday, November 21, 1789 ‡November 211789Province of North CarolinaProvince of North Carolina, then sovereign state in ConfederationstateConfederation 13Rhode IslandSaturday, May 29, 1790 ‡May 291790Colony of Rhode Island and Providence PlantationsColony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, then sovereign state in ConfederationstateConfederation 14VermontFriday, March 4, 1791March 41791Province of New YorkProvince of New York and New Hampshire Grants (ownership disputed), Vermont RepublicNew Hampshire GrantsVermont Republic 15KentuckyFriday, June 1, 1792June 11792Virginia 16TennesseeWednesday, June 1, 1796June 11796Province of North CarolinaProvince of North Carolina, Southwest TerritorySouthwest Territory

12. Appendix— Statehood (ctd.) #StateDate joinedWhat it was before becoming a state 17OhioTuesday, March 1, 1803*March 11803Northwest Territory 18LouisianaThursday, April 30, 1812April 301812Orleans Territory 19IndianaWednesday, December 11, 1816December 111816Indiana Territory 20MississippiWednesday, December 10, 1817December 101817Mississippi Territory 21IllinoisThursday, December 3, 1818December 31818Illinois Territory 22AlabamaTuesday, December 14, 1819December 141819Alabama Territory 23MaineWednesday, March 15, 1820March 151820Massachusetts 24MissouriFriday, August 10, 1821August 101821Missouri Territory 25ArkansasWednesday, June 15, 1836June 151836Arkansas Territory 26MichiganThursday, January 26, 1837January 261837Michigan Territory 27FloridaMonday, March 3, 1845March 31845Florida Territory 28TexasMonday, December 29, 1845December 291845Republic of Texas 29IowaMonday, December 28, 1846December 281846Iowa Territory 30WisconsinMonday, May 29, 1848May 291848Wisconsin Territory 31CaliforniaMonday, September 9, 1850September 91850California RepublicMexican CessionCalifornia RepublicMexican Cession, Alta CaliforniaAlta California 32MinnesotaTuesday, May 11, 1858May 111858Minnesota Territory 33OregonMonday, February 14, 1859February 141859Oregon Territory 34KansasTuesday, January 29, 1861January 291861Kansas Territory 35West VirginiaSaturday, June 20, 1863June 201863Virginia 36NevadaMonday, October 31, 1864October 311864Nevada Territory 37NebraskaFriday, March 1, 1867March 11867Nebraska Territory 38ColoradoTuesday, August 1, 1876August 11876Colorado Territory 39 †North DakotaSaturday, November 2, 1889November 21889Dakota Territory 40 †South DakotaSaturday, November 2, 1889November 21889Dakota Territory 41MontanaFriday, November 8, 1889November 81889Montana Territory 42WashingtonMonday, November 11, 1889November 111889Washington Territory 43IdahoThursday, July 3, 1890July 31890Idaho Territory 44WyomingThursday, July 10, 1890July 101890Wyoming Territory

13. Appendix— Statehood (ctd.) #StateDate joinedWhat it was before becoming a state 45UtahSaturday, January 4, 1896January 41896Utah Territory 46OklahomaSaturday, November 16, 1907November 161907Oklahoma TerritoryOklahoma Territory & Indian TerritoryIndian Territory 47New MexicoSaturday, January 6, 1912January 61912New Mexico Territory 48ArizonaWednesday, February 14, 1912February 141912Arizona Territory 49AlaskaSaturday, January 3, 1959January 31959Alaska Territory 50HawaiiFriday, August 21, 1959August 211959Kingdom of HawaiiKingdom of Hawaii, Hawaii TerritoryHawaii Territory

14. Fini