1. III-B 1 Conclusions Characteristics of SE Asian economies predispose them to particular patterns of ENR degradation These have to do with initial conditions, past rates of economic growth, structural change and policies. These characteristics demand that we select the appropriate set of tools for research and policy work on environment and development –Mix of ‘micro’ and ‘macro’ approaches is needed.

2. III-B 2 Conclusions Ultimately, policy-making is (or should be) concerned with welfare rather than any single economic or environmental target. Choosing welfare measures, and defining the variables contributing to them, is a continuing challenge. –Valuation of environmental assets and flows –Aggregation from representative agents to heterogeneous consumers Multiple welfare sub-targets (environment, poverty…) may indicate conflicting policies.

3. III-B 3 Conclusions Continuing research questions: –Do trade-offs exist between economic growth, poverty alleviation, or reductions in inequality and the conservation of environmental quality, and if so under what conditions? –Does ‘globalization’ (trade policy, foreign investment, accession to WTO/MEAs) promote or retard efforts to achieve a ‘sustainable’ growth path? –How do economy-wide economic mechanisms influence the use of environmental assets? How do these mechanisms evolve over time or in the course of economic development?