1. Skeletal System (Our Skeleton & Joints)

2. Function Protects The skeleton protects delicate organs -the skull protects the brain -the vertebral column protects the spinal cord -the rib cage protects the heart and lungs

3. Supports The body needs a framework -the skeleton gives shape to the body (otherwise you would be a blob on the floor) -holds vital organs in place -provides a place for the muscles to attach to

4. Moves Muscles act on bone to cause movement The skeleton is jointed which allows a wide range of movement

5. How do we move? Joints help us move (where 2 or more bones meet) There are 100 different joints in the body- These can be put into three different groups Immovable joints- Found in the skull Slightly movable joints -Limited movement found in the Vertebral column Freely Movable Joints -Lots of movement i.e elbow.

6. Ball and socket joint (Type) Name of ball and socket joints -Hip -Shoulder These joints can move in all directions

7. Hinge Joint (Type) Name of Hinge joints -Knee -Elbow Allow movement in one direction only

8. What makes us move? Muscles act on a joint causing it to move. The muscle is attached to the bone by tendons, muscles contract pulling on the tendon causing it to pull on a bone.

9. Why do muscles work in pairs? Muscles can only contract( pull on a bone) they cannot push. To bend your elbow the bicep muscle Contracts (pulls on the tendon attached to the lower arm bone) this brings the arm towards the shoulder as the elbow joint bends. To straighten the arm the triceps muscle pulls on the tendon attached to the lower limb to straighten the arm. The muscle that works is called the (agonist) the other muscle relaxes at the same time (antagonist)

10. Parts of a joint (Acts as a shock absorber and prevents two surfaces from rubbing together) (acts as a lubricant) (found at the end of muscles and is attached to the bone)

11. Ligaments Ligaments connect bones to other bones to form a joint (They do not connect muscles to bones; that is the function of tendons.) ligaments are strong fibrous bands that hold the joint together and prevent certain movementsbones jointmusclestendons