1. Life in the New Republic

2. Crossing the Appalachians

3. Rapid Population Growth ► 2.7 million in 1780—12 million in 1830 ► 10% of growth from immigration ► 90% of growth from an increase in the # of children born to a family ► Median age was 17 by 1820

4. Settling the West ► As the population grew, Americans settled western lands. ► Life was difficult on the frontier, especially the first year. ► Daniel Boone  Famous frontiersman in the trans-Appalachian area.  He led the expedition to cut the Wilderness Road through the Cumberland Gap.

5. Daniel Boone

6. ► Florida  Pinckney Treaty ► Left Florida in Spain’s control ► Spain and the US were to control the natives in their territories and keep them from attacking the other country’s territory.  Seminoles ► 1810s began attacking Southern Georgia ► Andrew Jackson was charged with the defense of Georgia

7. Andrew Jackson

8. A Seminole Woman

9. ► Jackson boasted, “Let it be signified to me that the possession of the Floridas would be desirable to the United States, and in 60 days it will be accomplished.” ► Jackson attacked the Seminoles and entered West Florida and took all of the western territory ► Sec. of State John Quincy Adams accused Spain of breaking the Pinckney Treaty. ► Spain ceded East and West Florida and the Spanish Northwest. The US now stretched from ocean to ocean.

10. John Quincy Adams

11. Inventions and Innovations

12. The Spirit of Improvement ► Americans grew to believe that all could improve themselves with education. ► Noah Webster developed the first dictionary of American English. ► States began to require free public education for all children. ► Schools promoted Republicans Virtues (ie- honesty, good citizenship, etc.)

13. Noah Webster

15. The Industrial Revolution ► The Revolution began in Britain and spread to the US. ► The British tried to keep all the new technology in Britain.  Samuel Slater ► Worked as an apprentice in a textile mill and memorized how the machinery worked. ► He emigrated to America and reproduced the mill. ► This caused the American textile industry to boom.

16. Samuel Slater

17. ► American Innovations  Interchangeable Parts—Eli Whitney  Cotton Gin—Eli Whitney ► Effects  Cotton profits skyrocketed.  Planters began to depend on cotton.  Planters looked for more land to plant cotton on.  Planters bought more slaves to work the land.

19. Cotton Gin

21. Transportation Revolution ► Steam Power  Robert Fulton successfully adapted the steam engine to a boat.  Riverboats became widely used in the US. ► Canals  Americans began to build canals to connect important waterways. ► Roads  Americans began to build more roads and better roads.

22. Robert Fulton

23. Clermont

24. ► Railroads—1828 The construction of the first American railroad began in Baltimore, Maryland.

25. Society and Religion

26. Society ► Society became mobile because people were not tied to the land. ► People began to encounter more strangers so rituals like the duel were more common. ► Courtships also became longer because mobility made the character of an individual less certain.

27. Religion ► 1790 Census showed that 1 in 10 Americans was a member of a church. ► The Great Awakening  Began in Kentucky and Tennessee  Evangelical movement that taught: ► Scripture is the final authority. ► Salvation comes only through a personal belief in Jesus Christ. ► People demonstrate true faith through a transformed life.

28.  Democratic Movement ► Emphasized the congregation and not the minister  Produced new Denominations ► Baptists—baptized by immersion ► Methodists—founded by John Wesley ► Unitarians—believed Christ was only a human messenger of God, not divine. ► Mormons—founded by Joseph Smith; based on a book that Smith said an Angel revealed to him; also known as “The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints” ► Millennialists—believed America was leading the world into the Millennial Reign of Christ.