1. 1 Direct Method (DM) 直接教學法 學生：陳美如 學號： N96C0020 班級：碩專應英三甲 指導教授：陳怡真 教授

2. 2 Introduction What is Direct Method? What is Direct Method? Background: Background:  Direct Method was developed initially as a reaction to the Grammar-Translation Method in an attempt to integrate more use of the target language in instruction.  Only use the target language in class.  The learner should be actively involved in using the language in realistic everyday situations.  Students are encouraged to think in the target language.

3. 3Characteristics  Teach L2 in the way native speakers learn a language.  No L1 language at all. (i.e. No mother tongue)  No translation is allowed.  Only use the target language in class.  Lessons begin with a dialogue using the conversational style in the target language. in the target language.  Material is first presented orally with actions or pictures.  Students are encouraged to think in the target language.  Grammar is taught inductively.  Rules are generalized from the practice and experience with the target language by the students.  Little or no analysis of grammatical rules are explained by the teacher.  Culture is considered an important aspect of learning the language. language.

4. 4 Principles  Never translate ： demonstrate ( 示範 )  Never explain ： act ( 動作 )  Never make a speech ： ask questions ( 問問題 )

5. 5 Techniques  Reading Aloud ( 朗讀 )  Question and Answer Exercise ( 問答練習 ) ： use L2  Student Self-Correction ( 學生自我糾正 )  Conversation Practice ( 會話練習 )  Inductive Grammar ( 歸納文法 )  Fill-in-the-blank Exercise ( 填空練習 )  Dictation ( 聽寫 ) ： three times  Map drawing ( 繪製地圖 )  Paragraph Writing ( 短文寫作 )

6. 6 Deductive Grammar Vs Inductive Grammar Deductive Grammar ( 演繹文法 ) Deductive Grammar ( 演繹文法 )   General rule → Specific examples → Practice Inductive Grammar ( 歸納文法 ) Inductive Grammar ( 歸納文法 )  Specific examples → Practice → General rule

7. 7 Conclusion Direct Method Direct Method  Classroom instruction relies exclusively on L2.  Speaking and listening are taught.  Only everyday vocabulary and sentences are taught.  Vocabulary is taught through demonstration, objects, and pictures. and pictures.  Focus on oral communication skills.  Grammar is taught inductively.  Correct pronunciation and grammar are emphasized.

8. 8 Grammar Translation Method Direct Method HistoryBefore 1900Around 1900 LanguageNative language (L1)Target language (L2) DrillTranslation of textConversation PurposeLiterature reading & writing Oral communication EmphasisVocabulary & GrammarCorrect Pronunciation GrammarDeductiveInductive Grammar Translation Method Vs Grammar Translation Method Vs Direct Method

9. 9 Video   Direct MethodDirect Method

10. 10 ~The End~