1. Types of Muscle Movements Names given to types of movements

2. I. Types of Muscle Movements A. General Information A. General Information 1. The five golden rules of skeletal activity 1. The five golden rules of skeletal activity a. With few exceptions, all muscles cross at least one joint a. With few exceptions, all muscles cross at least one joint b. Typically, the bulk muscle lies proximal to the joint crossed b. Typically, the bulk muscle lies proximal to the joint crossed c. All muscles have at least two attachments: the origin and the insertion c. All muscles have at least two attachments: the origin and the insertion d. Muscles can only pull; they never push d. Muscles can only pull; they never push e. During contraction, the muscle insertion moves toward the origin. e. During contraction, the muscle insertion moves toward the origin.

3. I. Types of Muscle Movements A. General Information (cont) A. General Information (cont) 2. The types of body movement depends on the mobility of the joint 2. The types of body movement depends on the mobility of the joint 3. Common muscle movements 3. Common muscle movements a. Flexion a. Flexion b. Extension b. Extension c. Rotation c. Rotation d. Abduction d. Abduction e. Adduction e. Adduction f. Circumduction f. Circumduction

4. I. Types of Muscle Movements Common muscle movements Common muscle movements Flexion Flexion A sagittal plane movement A sagittal plane movement Decreases the angle of the joint Decreases the angle of the joint Brings two bones closer together Brings two bones closer together Typical with hinge joints Typical with hinge joints

5. I. Types of Muscle Movements Common muscle movements Common muscle movements Extensions Extensions Opposite of flexion Opposite of flexion Increase the angle of a joint Increase the angle of a joint Increases the distance between bones Increases the distance between bones Extensions greater than 180 0, is called a hyperextension Extensions greater than 180 0, is called a hyperextension

7. I. Types of Muscle Movements Common muscle movements Common muscle movements Rotation Rotation Movement around the longitudinal axis Movement around the longitudinal axis Common with ball-n-socket joints Common with ball-n-socket joints Also describes the movement of the atlas and axis Also describes the movement of the atlas and axis

9. I. Types of Muscle Movements Common muscle movements Common muscle movements Abduction Abduction Moving a limb away from the midline or median plane Moving a limb away from the midline or median plane Generally in the frontal plane Generally in the frontal plane Describes the fanning movement of the phalanges Describes the fanning movement of the phalanges

10. I. Types of Muscle Movements Common muscle movements Common muscle movements Adduction Adduction Is the opposite of abduction Is the opposite of abduction Movement of the limb toward the midline or median plane Movement of the limb toward the midline or median plane

11. I. Types of Muscle Movements Common muscle movements Common muscle movements Circumduction Circumduction Combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction Combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction Common in ball-n-socket joints like the shoulder Common in ball-n-socket joints like the shoulder The proximal end is stationary The proximal end is stationary The distal end moves circularly The distal end moves circularly Limb looks like a cone Limb looks like a cone

13. I. Types of Muscle Movements Special muscle movements Special muscle movements Occur in only a few joints Occur in only a few joints Dorsiflexion and Plantar flexion Dorsiflexion and Plantar flexion Inversion and eversion Inversion and eversion Supination and pronation Supination and pronation Opposition Opposition

14. I. Types of Muscle Movements Special muscle movements Special muscle movements Dorsiflexion and Plantar flexion Dorsiflexion and Plantar flexion Up and down movements of the foot Up and down movements of the foot Lifting the foot toward the shin is dorsiflexion Lifting the foot toward the shin is dorsiflexion Depressing the foot is Plantar flexion Depressing the foot is Plantar flexion Inversion and Eversion Inversion and Eversion Describes movement of the foot Describes movement of the foot Inversion is turning of the foot medially Inversion is turning of the foot medially Eversion is turning of the foot laterally Eversion is turning of the foot laterally

15. I. Types of Muscle Movements Special muscle movements Special muscle movements Supination and Pronation Supination and Pronation Refer to the bones of the forearm (ulna and radius) Refer to the bones of the forearm (ulna and radius) Supination is when the forearm rotates laterally Supination is when the forearm rotates laterally The palm faces anteriorly The palm faces anteriorly The radius and ulna are parallel The radius and ulna are parallel Pronation is when the forearm rotates medailly Pronation is when the forearm rotates medailly The palm faces posteriorly The palm faces posteriorly The radius moves across the ulna The radius moves across the ulna The bones form an X The bones form an X

16. I. Types of Muscle Movements Special muscle movements Special muscle movements Opposition Opposition Associated with the palm Associated with the palm Allows opposition to the thumb Allows opposition to the thumb The saddle joint between the metacarpal 1 and the carpal (Trapezium) bone The saddle joint between the metacarpal 1 and the carpal (Trapezium) bone Allows the thumb to touch the tips of the fingers Allows the thumb to touch the tips of the fingers

17. II. Skeletal Muscle Interactions  Movement is the response of muscles interacting together (against each other)  Muscles are arranged so that one set of muscles can undo what other muscles can do  Muscles required to make a specific movement are called the Prime mover  Muscles used to perform the opposite movement are called Antagonists

18. II. Skeletal Muscle Interactions  Muscles that help prime movers or reduce undesirable movements are called Synergists –Produce the same movement  Muscles that hold bones still or stabilize the origin of a prime mover are called Fixators –Allows for all of the tension of the prime movers to be applied to the movement desired  Postural muscles

19.  A. General Information  1. Named by the direction of the muscle fibers  2. Relative size of the muscle  3. Location of the muscle  4. Number of origins  5. Location of the muscle’s origin and insertion  6. Shape of the muscle  7. Action of the muscle