2. 1914-1918: World War I 1914-1918: World War I By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NY

3. Examine the reasons why the United States remained neutral at the beginning of World War I, but later became involved.

4. Micro Concepts MilitarismAlliancesImperialismNationalismTradeIsolationismMobilization Key Terms and People Archduke Franz Ferdinand U-Boat (submarine) warfare SerbiaAllies Micro Concepts MilitarismAlliancesImperialismNationalismTradeIsolationismMobilization Key Terms and People Archduke Franz Ferdinand U-Boat (submarine) warfare SerbiaAllies Central Powers Kaiser Wilhelm II ContrabandLusitania Election of 1916 Woodrow Wilson “Make the world safe for democracy” Idealism Zimmermann Telegram Selective Service Act Isolationists Jeanette Rankin Central Powers Kaiser Wilhelm II ContrabandLusitania Election of 1916 Woodrow Wilson “Make the world safe for democracy” Idealism Zimmermann Telegram Selective Service Act Isolationists Jeanette Rankin

5. Causes of the War

6. A - Alliances N - Nationalism I - Imperialism M - Militarism A - Anarchy L – Leadership A - Alliances N - Nationalism I - Imperialism M - Militarism A - Anarchy L – Leadership

7. Tangled European Politics

8. 1. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

9. 1. The Alliance System Triple Entente… Allied Powers Triple Alliance… Central Powers Triple Entente… Allied Powers Triple Alliance… Central Powers

10. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers: Britain France Russia Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire (Turkey)

11. The Major Players: 1914-17 Nicholas II [Rus] George V [Br] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Allied Powers: Franz Josef [A-H] Wilhelm II [Ger] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Central Powers: Enver Pasha [Turkey]

12. Europe in 1914

13. 2. Militarism & Arms Race 187018801890190019101914 94130154268289398 Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s. 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France10% Britain13% Russia39% Germany73%

14. 3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

15. 4. Aggressive Nationalism

16. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The “Powder Keg” of Europe

17. The “Spark”

18. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

19. Assassination in Sarajevo

20. The Assassin Gavrilo Princip Gavrilo Princip

21. Who’s To Blame?

22. War Begins

23. Von Schlieffen Plan

24. German Atrocities in Belgium

25. Mobilization It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there! But my heart's right there! It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!  Home by Christmas!  No major war in 50 years!  Nationalism! HHHHome by Christmas! NNNNo major war in 50 years! NNNNationalism!

26. Recruitment Posters

27. A Young Australian Recruit

28. Recruits of the Central Powers Austro- Hungarians A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother

29. New French Recruits

30. A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

32. Women and the War Effort

33. For Recruitment

34. Munitions Workers

35. German Women Factory Workers

36. Working in the Fields

37. A Woman Ambulance Driver

38. Russian Women Soldiers

39. Spies e “Mata Hari” e Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle e German Spy! e “Mata Hari” e Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle e German Spy!

40. Posters: Wartime Propaganda

41. American Poster

42. Financing the War

43. German Poster Think of Your Children!

44. The Western Front: Stalemate & Attrition

45. A Multi-Front War

46. The Western Front

47. Trench Warfare

51. “No Man’s Land”

52. Verdun – February, 1916 e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties. e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties.

53. The Somme – July, 1916 e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months. e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

54. War Is HELL !!

55. Sacrifices in War

56. The War of the Industrial Revolution New Technology

57. U-Boats

58. Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

59. Convoy System

60. The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

61. The Flying Aces of World War I Eddie Rickenbacher, US Francesco Barraco, It. Rene Pauk Fonck, Fr. Manfred von Richtoffen, Ger. [The “Red Baron”] Willy Coppens de Holthust, Belg. Eddie “Mick” Mannoch, Br.

62. Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

63. Looking for the “Red Baron?”

64. The Zeppelin

65. Railroad Gun

66. Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers

67. Machine Gun

68. Gas Warfare

69. French Renault Tank

70. British Tank at Ypres

71. The Eastern Front

72. The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915

73. T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”, 1916-18

74. Russian & Bolshevik Revolutions

75. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 1918 “A Separate Peace”

76. America Joins the Allies

77. Isolationism

78. Election of 1916 “Peace without victory”

79. The Sinking of the Lusitania

81. The Sussex Pledge Tries to dampen U.S. war cries Germany pledges not to sink merchant vessels with out warning and without saving the lives of those aboard. For 9 months Germany will honor this pledge.

82. The Zimmerman Telegram

83. The U.S. Declares War! “Make the world safe for democracy”

84. The Yanks Are Coming! The Yanks Are Coming!

85. Selective Service Act (1917)

86. American “Doughboys”

87. “Harlem Hellfighters”

88. Buffalo Soldiers

89. Americans in the Trenches

90. “Art” of World War I

91. “A Street in Arras” John Singer Sargent, 1918

92. “Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917

93. “Those Who Have Lost Their Names” Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914

94. “Gassed and Wounded” Eric Kennington, 1918

95. “Paths of Glory” C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917

96. German Cartoon: “Fit for active service!”, 1918

97. 1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

98. 11 a.m., November 11, 1918 The Armistice is Signed!

99. 37,000,000 Dead 37,000,000 Dead

100. The Somme American Cemetary, France 116,516 Americans Died

101. World War I Casualties (dead, wounded & missing) World War I Casualties (dead, wounded & missing)

102. Social Disruption Total war Everyone is involved, everyone is a target Women in factories Suffrage movements Armenian genocide Foreshadowing of the Holocaust

103. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!

104. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians Districts & Vilayets of Western Armenia in Turkey 19141922 Erzerum215,0001,500 Van197,000500 Kharbert204,00035,000 Diarbekir124,0003,000 Bitlis220,00056,000 Sivas225,00016,800 Other Armenian-populated Sites in Turkey Western Anatolia371,80027,000 Cilicia and Northern Syria309,00070,000 European Turkey194,000163,000 Trapizond District73,39015,000 Total 2,133,190387,800