1. Read: The Poisonous Mushroom

2. How did the Nazis use education to indoctrinate young people? L/O – To identify and explain the aims and methods of Nazi education policies towards young people Question – Read the story of the ‘poisonous mushroom’ – what was the purpose of stories such as these?

3. The Aims of Nazi Education Policy ‘With the young I can make a new world! Weakness will be knocked out of them. A violently active, dominating, brutal youth is what I am after – I will have no intellectual training. Knowledge is ruin to my young men.’ ‘The chief purpose of the school is to train human beings to realise that the State is more important than the individual, that individuals must be willing to sacrifice themselves for Nation and Fuhrer – in short, to create good Nazis.’ ↑ Adolf Hitler → Bernard Rust – Nazi Education Minister

4. The Aims of Nazi Education Policy The Nazis wanted to control the youth of Germany. Bernard Rust therefore had three aims for Nazi Education Policy: He wanted control over the teachers (1); control over the curriculum (2); and to establish new schools (3) Question - to gain influence over the youth, would it be more important for the Nazis to manipulate teachers or the curriculum?

5. 1.) Nazi Control over Teachers Nazi officials began inspecting schools, intimidating teachers to join the Nazi Party. By 1936, over 30% of all teachers were members of the Party. All teachers had to join the National Socialist Teachers’ League (NSLB) and swear an oath of loyalty to Hitler. By 1937, 97% had joined. Members of the NSLB had to attend 1- month training courses which taught them Nazi ideology and Racial Theory. By 1938 over 2/3 had attended.

6. 2.) New Schools In 1933, National Political Institutes of Education (NAPOLAs) were created by the SS to train boys aged 10-18 as future leaders. There were 39 by 1943. In 1937 eleven ‘Adolf Hitler Schools’ were created to rival the NAPOLAs. They also emphasised military and political training. On graduation from the NAPOLAs, students could attend one of three ‘Ordensburgen’ (Castles of Order). They trained students aged 25-30 in advanced military studies.

7. 3.) Control of the Curriculum Boy and girls were separated into different classes. Girls focused on domestic science, music and eugenics whilst boys focused on PE, Science and Mathematics. Every subject was changed to teach Nazi beliefs. Religious Studies was removed in 1937 and all textbooks had to be approved by the Nazi Party. PE took up 1/6 of school time or 2 hours a day! At the beginning of every class, students had to stand up and give the Nazi Salute whilst shouting ‘Heil Hitler’.

8. A typical timetable at a girls’ school Periods MonTuesWedThursFriSat 1 German 2 GeogHistorySingingGeogHistorySinging 3 Race Study Party Beliefs 4 Break - Sports with Special Announcements 5 Domestic Science with Mathematics 6 Eugenics, Health Biology and Sport

9. Nazi Mathematics Question… 1.The Jews are aliens in Germany. In 1933 there were 66,006,000 inhabitants of the German Reich of whom 499,862 were Jews. What is the percentage of aliens in Germany?

10. Nazi Eugenics Question… 1.In addition to the Skull Index and the Face Index, the Profile Angle is also important in the racial evaluation of people. The Profile Angle is calculated from the “German horizontal” or the eye-ear plane to the profile line from the base of the nose and the surface of the upper jaw. One refers to a skull as “forward,” “middle,” or “level” jawed. Based on this standard, identify the profile angles of the following skulls:

11. Analysing Nazi Education Methods In groups, study Sources A-J to work out what methods were being used by the Nazis to ensure schools were teaching correctly. Put your answers on this table: SourceWhat methods are being used?What is the purpose of those methods? Source A Source B Source C Source D Source E Source F Source G Source H Source I Source J

12. Plenary 1.What were the aims of Nazi Education Policy? 2.How did the Nazis control teachers? 3.How did the Nazis change the curriculum? 4.What new schools were set-up? Learning Objective: L/O – To identify and explain the aims and methods of Nazi education policies towards young people