1. Prepared by: Christian Jay Syting & Shelley Faith Jumamoy

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9. Words to Explore WORDSDEFINITION AlterationThe process of changing; modification ImpedimentsObstruction; hindrance; interference TempestsViolent storms; uproar WanderingAimless movement; moving idly SummonTo bid to come; to send for ForegonePrecede; previous; gone VanishedDisappeared; gone Back to lesson 1

11. Appreciating Sonnets Next page

12. 2 Kinds of Sonnet Next page

13. 2 Kinds of Sonnet Back to lesson 1

14. Sonnet 61 by Francesco Petrarca (translated by Joseph Auslander) Blest be the day, and blest the month and year,- a Season and hour and every moment blest.- b The lovely land and place where first possessed- b By two pure eyes I found me prisoner;- a And blest the first sweet pain, the first most dear,- a Which burned my heart when love came in as guest;- b And blest the bow, the shafts which shook my breast,- b And even the wounds which love delivered there.- a Blest be the words and voices which filled grove- c And glen with echoes of my lady’s name;- d The sighs, the tears, the fierce despair of love;- c And blest the sonnet- source of my fame;- d And blest that thought of thoughts which is her own,- e Of her, her only, of herself alone!- e octave sestet volta Back to Petrarchan Sonnet

15. Sonnet 29 by William Shakespeare When in disgrace with fortune an men’s eyes- a I all alone beweep mu outcast state,- b And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries,- a And look upon myself, and curse my fat,- b Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,- c Featured like him, like him with friends possessed,- d Desiring this man’s art, and that man’s scope,- c With what I most enjoy contented least;- d Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising,- e Haply I think on thee,- and then my state,- f (Like to lark at break of day arising- e From sullen earth,) sings hymns at heaven’s gate;- f For thy sweet love remembered, such wealth brings- g That then I scorn to change my state with kings- g 1 st quatrain 2 nd quatrain 3 rd quatrain couplet Back to Shakespearean Sonnet

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18. Words to Explore Back to lesson 2

19. Summarizing What You Read Summary - is a restatement of the important points or details of the material that you read based on how you have understood the text. Here are some tips that you can use in writing a summary: 1. Have an overview of the material that you intend to read. This can be done through skimming its pages. 2. Read the text with understanding. If you fail to comprehend it in the first reading, REREAD the text. 3. List down the important ideas presented in the text. 4. Write the summary. In writing the summary, you should be aware of the following: a. Details should be presented in the same sequence as in the original text. b. Words that you use in your summary should be your own. c. Only the essential details should be included. d. Write briefly. Your summary should not exceed the original material. Back to lesson 2

20. Summarizing What You Read For more information and example on Summarizing, click the links below: Back to lesson 2 http://www.ehow.com/how_2165700_summarize-reading- assignment.html http://www.ehow.com/how_2165700_summarize-reading- assignment.html http://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/summaryterm.htm

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22. Words to Explore WORDSDEFINITIONS ImperturbableUnshakably calm and collected GauntletA protective glove worn with medieval armor ParcelSomething wrapped up; a package ConvergedTo tend toward a point; to meet ImpingeTo strike or dash especially with a sharp collision PetticoatSkirt- like undergarment worn for warmth SternnessFirm, strict or uncompromising GarrulousExcessively talkative in a rambling ThrongedMultitude of people crowded together DeridedTo mock FeebleLacking strength; weak StragglingStray; fall behind Back to lesson 3

23. Types of Literary Techniques 1.Flashback - this literary device is used when the standard time order in the plot is broken to show an incident in the past that provides a very important background information in the story. 1.Flashback - this literary device is used when the standard time order in the plot is broken to show an incident in the past that provides a very important background information in the story. 2. Foreshadowing - this literary device is used to serve as a hint to prepare the readers to anticipate a future event in the story. Through this device, the readers can predict the outcome of the story. 2. Foreshadowing - this literary device is used to serve as a hint to prepare the readers to anticipate a future event in the story. Through this device, the readers can predict the outcome of the story. Back to lesson 3

24. Types of Literary Techniques 4. Dialogue - this literary device is a conversation between characters in the story. It presents the precise words of the characters. It is usually applied in plays and films. 4. Dialogue - this literary device is a conversation between characters in the story. It presents the precise words of the characters. It is usually applied in plays and films. 3. Figures of speech - this literary device is used when the writer describes ideas and things using another image or symbol. This representation should not be interpreted or taken literally. 3. Figures of speech - this literary device is used when the writer describes ideas and things using another image or symbol. This representation should not be interpreted or taken literally. Back to lesson 3

25. Types of Literary Techniques 6. Imaginative Language - this technique makes use of words that create vivid pictures and arouse the feelings of the readers. Also, it makes use of words that appeal to the senses. 6. Imaginative Language - this technique makes use of words that create vivid pictures and arouse the feelings of the readers. Also, it makes use of words that appeal to the senses. 5. Suspense - It is a condition of an uncertain excitement on readers because of what he or she is reading. He or she becomes eager to know what will happen next. Sometimes the answers to the readers’ queries are being held back intentionally by the writers to prolong the readers’ excitement. 5. Suspense - It is a condition of an uncertain excitement on readers because of what he or she is reading. He or she becomes eager to know what will happen next. Sometimes the answers to the readers’ queries are being held back intentionally by the writers to prolong the readers’ excitement. Back to lesson 3

26. Types of Literary Techniques Back to lesson 3

27. Words to Explore WORDSDEFINITIONS YonderOver there HenceforthFrom now on Doth AnonAnother time; soon ThineYour or yours ThyselfUsed to refer to the same individual who is being addressed and is the subject of the verb AdieuGoodbye TheeYou ThouYou WhereforeA reason or purpose ArtBe EreBefore Back to lesson 4

29. Tips for Understanding Drama Back to lesson 4