1. 8 Lesson 8.1: Functions and Control of the Endocrine System Lesson 8.2: Major Endocrine Organs Lesson 8.3: Endocrine Disorders and Diseases The Endocrine System

2. Lesson 8.1 Functions and Control of the Endocrine System Chapter 8: The Endocrine System

3. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Endocrine glands –Hormones –Secrete directly into bloodstream Exocrine glands –Secrete through a duct Anatomy of the Endocrine System

4. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Steroid hormones – lipid-based Amino acid hormones – protein-based Hormone receptors –Upregulated – increased –Downregulated – decreased Hormones

5. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Neural control –Sympathetic nerve fibers stimulate adrenal medulla Ex: Epinephrine, Norepinephrine Hormonal control –Stimulated by the hypothalamus to AP or PP Ex: Thyroxin, PTH, Oxytocin Humoral control –Based on blood levels Ex: Glucagon, Calcitonin Hormone Secretion Control

6. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

7. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Hormone Secretion Control

8. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Negative Feedback Mechanism –Reverses a condition that has exceeded the normal homeostatic range to restore homeostasis Hormones and Homeostasis

9. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Helps regulates body temperature Homeostasis of Hypothalamus

10. Lesson 8.2 Major Endocrine Organs Chapter 8: The Endocrine System

11. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Major Endocrine Organs

12. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Helps regulate… –Metabolism –Heart rate –Energy level –Body temperature –Thirst The Hypothalamus

13. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary

14. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Prolactin (PRO) –Growth of mammary glands –Milk production in a nursing mother Growth Hormone (GH) –Growth of bone and muscles Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary

15. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Adrenocorticotropin Hormone (ACTH) –Release of steroid hormones from adrenal cortex Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) –Release of T 4 and T 3 from thyroid gland Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary

16. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) –Females Estrogen production Egg production –Males Sperm production Luteinizing Hormone (LH) –Females Ovulation –Males Testosterone Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary

17. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Antidiuretic Hormone –Acts on kidney, decreases urine output – Oxytocin –Acts on uterus, causes contractions –Acts on breast, causes secretion of milk Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary

18. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Thyroid gland –Thyroxine T 4 and triiodothyronine T 3 Controls rate of metabolism –Calcitonin Removes calcium from blood, puts into bones Parathyroid gland –Parathyroid hormone Removes calcium from bones, puts into blood Major Endocrine Glands

19. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Thymus gland –Thymosin Development of immune system Pineal gland –Melatonin Produces sleepiness Major Endocrine Glands

20. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands

21. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Adrenal Medulla –Epinephrine and norepinephrine Adrenaline rush Adrenal Cortex –Mineralocorticoids Aldosterone Sodium and water reabsorbed in kidneys –Glucocorticoids Cortisone and cortisol Promote gluconeogenesis –Sex hormones Estrogen and androgens Maintains sexual characteristics Adrenal Glands

22. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Adrenal Glands

23. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Islets of Langerhans –Alpha cells Glucagon Increase blood glucose level –Beta cells Insulin Decrease blood glucose level Pancreas

24. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Testes –Testosterone Sperm production Ovaries –Estrogen Secondary sexual characteristics Progesterone Menstrual cycle Gonads

25. Endocrine Disorders and Diseases Lesson 8.3 Chapter 8: The Endocrine System

26. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. pituitary disorders thyroid disorders disorders of the parathyroid gland adrenal medulla disorders disorders of the adrenal cortex the pancreas and diabetes mellitus Endocrine Disorders and Diseases

27. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. hyperfunction –acromegaly, or gigantism hypofunction –dwarfism –diabetes insipidus Pituitary Disorders

28. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. hyperthyroidism –goiter –Graves disease hypothyroidism –myxedema –neonatal hypothyroidism Thyroid Disorders

29. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. disorders of the parathyroid gland –hypercalcemia –hypocalcemia adrenal medulla disorders –pheochromcytoma Endocrine Disorders and Diseases

30. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Cushing syndrome –hypersecretion of cortisol Addison’s disease –hyposecretion of adrenal corticoid hormones Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex

31. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. symptoms of diabetes mellitus –polyuria excessive urination –polydipsia excessive thirst –polyphagia increased hunger The Pancreas and Diabetes Mellitus

32. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. type I diabetes mellitus –juvenile-onset type II diabetes mellitus –adult-onset –insulin resistance –hyperglycemia The Pancreas and Diabetes Mellitus

33. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Match these words with 1 – 4 below: dwarfism, Cushing syndrome, goiter, polyuria. 1. a result of pituitary hypofunction 2. excessive urination 3. hypersecretion of cortisol 4. a result of hyperthyroidism Review and Assessment