1. Absolutism And Religious Wars

3. France Problems (from about 1600) –Religious –Economic –Weak kings (Louis XIII) Cardinal Richelieu –De facto ruler –Manipulated foreign affairs –Suppressed the Huguenots –Established central taxation –Three Musketeers

4. “What is done for the state is done for God, who is the basis and foundation of it......Where the interests of the state are concerned, God absolves actions which, if privately committed, would be a crime.” — Cardinal Richelieu

5. "If you give me six lines written by the most honest man, I will find something in them to hang him." —Cardinal Richelieu

6. France Louis XIV –Boy king –Assumed total authority when Cardinal Mazarin, successor to Richelieu, died –Influenced by his mistresses –Wars, destablization

7. France Louis XIV –Golden Age The Sun King Versailles –Palace French culture = prestige –Mercantilism –Repeal of the Edict of Nantes Huguenots were enemies of the state

8. Germany Divided by the Reformation The Thirty Years War Population losses in Germany as a result of the Thirty Years War

9. Austria Ruled by Hapsburgs –Resignation of Charles V –Separation into Spanish and Austrian branches Hapsburgs married other royal families –Grew the Holy Roman Empire

10. Spain Decline –Spanish armada defeat –Economic difficulties Effects of Thirty Years War War of Spanish Succession –Alliance with France but both possessions Hudson Bay basin Portugal, Naples & Sicily, Netherlands

12. Russia Romanoff family united people Descendants of Roman Empire –Ivan I married daughter of last Byzantine emperor –Caesar = Tsar Ivan IV (the terrible) Peter the Great

13. Ivan the Terrible 1530-1584 Conquest of the Khanates of Kazan, Astrakhan, and Siberia, transforming Russia into a multiethnic nation Peter the Great 1672-1725 Russia’s greatest reformer Westernization: use western Europe as the model of life –Introduced potatoes –Introduced newspapers –Raised women’s status

14. Lands added by Peter the Great