1. https://www.youtube.com/wa tch?v=m8pbmbfeoHs What is culture?? In your notes, brainstorm with your neighbor what culture is. Try to think of five examples.

3. Habit  Custom  Culture Repeat an action many times Habit: A repetitive act performed by a particular individual When many people continue this habit it becomes characteristic of them Custom: The frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of the group of people performing the act. When we combine all the customs we get a comprehensive view of that group of people Culture: The body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constituted a group’s distinct tradition.

4. What is Culture? Culture is learned by imitation, tradition and instruction Customary beliefs Mentifacts: The ideas, beliefs, and values of a culture. Generally driven by religion and language. Social Forms Sociofacts: represent the social structures of a culture and dictate social behavior. Generally driven by Mentifacts. Material Traits Material culture: The physical manifestations of human activities; includes tools, campsites, art, housing, clothing, and structures. The most durable aspects of culture. Artifacts: Any item, made by humans, that represents a material aspect of culture.

5. Elements of Culture MentifactsMaterial Culture/Artifacts Buildings Tools Clothing Art/Music Food Language Religion Ethnicity Values Beliefs

6. People and Environment Human Geography 11e Environments as Controls Environmental Determinism The belief that the physical environment exclusively shapes humans, their actions, and thoughts Possibilism A reaction against environmental determinism; people are dynamic forces of development (the environment is not as dynamic like human beings) Human Impacts Cultural Landscape-the built environment.

7. Cultural Landscape Culture affects the ways people view and use the natural environment Native Americans Cultural landscape is a representation of the artifacts of the culture Buildings (houses, businesses, etc.) Cultural landscape – The visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape. The layers of buildings, forms, and artifacts sequentially imprinted on the landscape by the activities of various human occupants. Built environment - The man-made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity, ranging in scale from personal shelter to neighborhoods to the large-scale civic surroundings So each culture produces a unique cultural landscape... Uniform landscape Result of popular culture affecting the cultural landscape Businesses want familiar, recognizable symbols

8. Every cultural landscape is an accumulation of human artifacts. It contains valuable evidence about the origin, spread and development of cultures. Cultures use, alter and manipulate landscapes to reflect their identity.

9. How Culture Spreads: Diffusion Relocation Diffusion The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another. Hierarchical Diffusion The spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places. Contagious Diffusion The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population.

10. With Distance Decay, the likelihood of diffusion decreases as time and distance from the hearth increases. With Time-Space Compression, the likelihood of diffusion depends upon the connectedness among places. Which applies more to popular culture?

11. Differences between Folk & Popular Culture Folk Small groups Isolated Homogenous Rural areas (environment plays a large role in development of culture) Hearth: usually unknown Diffusion: relocation (slow) Popular Large groups Connected (share common habits...) Driven by globalization Heterogeneous (...despite differences in personal characteristics) Urban areas Hearth: MDCs Diffusion: contagious, hierarchical, relocation (rapid)

12. Sports Folk Sports, games & recreation vary greatly from culture to culture Based upon festivity and community rather than rules and production of results Examples Kambala (Buffalo Racing) Karapan Sapi (Bull racing) Noodling (fishing with your hands) Popular Popular culture sports are widespread Highly organized Maintained records Some cultural variations

13. Karapan Sapi: Indonesia Bull Racing Pacu Jawi Festival happens each October in Indonesia. The jockey holds onto the tails of their bulls as they encourage them to run faster and faster. The festival allows sellers of the bulls to show off their strength to potential buyers. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dslWK8Kh9Dc

14. Noodling: United States hand fishing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nAN8MfPAZt0 http://www.travelchannel.com/shows/country-crazy/video/the-art-of-catfish-noodling

15. Food Folk Influenced by physical environment. You eat what is available. Seasons and climate dictate food choice. Asia Wetter, milder climate = rice Drier, colder climate = wheat Popular Not limited to local crops Influenced by cultural values than environmental features. Western food chains have global influence.

18. Glocalization : the practice of conducting business according to both local and global considerations.

27. Food Taboos Judaism & Islam Kosher: Animal must be slaughtered quickly and humanely. Slitting neck gets rid of majority of the blood as consuming the blood is forbidden. Halal: Sharp Knife quick kill. Knife must not be sharpened in front of animal, and animal must not be thirsty before slaughter. All blood completely drawn. Pig: Filthy compared to other animals. Contain more fat than muscle. More inclined to carry disease. Hinduism Beef: Cows are considered a sacred animal in the Hindi faith and are forbidden from being consumed.

28. Music Folk Purpose: Tells a story, history Personal, informative Created anonymously Passed down orally Popular Purpose: Profit Highly technical Created by an individual, who often owns it

29. Japanese Folk Music Min'yō: Work Songs, Gatherings, Children’s songs, Religious. Three main instruments: 3 stringed lute known as the shamisen, taiko drums bamboo flute called shakuhachi https://www.youtube.c om/watch?v=AK51LblcE Ow

30. Art Folk No “artist,” just craftspeople Usually not made as “art,” but serves some traditional function Popular Produced by professionals A commodity Often for sale Innovation, including shock value, is often held in high esteem

31. Gender & Folk Clothing Styles