1. Integrated Pest Management

2. What is a Pest? Animal that causes injury or loss to a plant –Insect –Rodent –Nematodes (worms), not earthworm –Snails/Slugs –Other mammals including deer and raccoons

3. What is a Disease? A negative effect cause by –Virus –Bacteria –Fungus

4. Weeds Any plant growing where it is not wanted –Causes competition –Unsightly –Can harbor other pests and diseases Can a rose be a weed?

5. Insects Reproduce quickly and have lots of offspring. This leads to pesticide resistance

6. There are two different types of mouthparts

7. Chewing: Sucking: Colorado Potato Beetle Hornworm Caterpillar Pea Aphids Whiteflies

8. Insects can effect plants in two different stages of life Immature Adult

9. Insects go through metamorphosis Complete Incomplete Complete Incomplete

10. Plant disease Also known as a pathogen –Infectious: Caused by a living thing such as virus, fungi and bacteria. –Noninfectious: (not pathogens) Caused by non living things in the environment such as overwatering, nutrient deficiencies, air pollution.

11. Disease Triangle Take away one of the factors in the triangle and the disease cannot attack.

12. Weeds Broadleaf: Weeds that have big leaves such as dandelions. Grass weeds: Weeds that look like grass, i.e. crabgrass

13. Weeds Annual: die every year Perennial: Come back every year like a tree Biennial: Plant lives for two years

14. Weeds Parasitic plants: Mistletoe

15. What is Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Pest management strategy that uses multiple ways to control pests in a responsible and economical way. BMP (Best Management Practice) –Use science and practical methods to optimize crops and minimize environmental impact

16. Components of IPM Initial Information Gathering Monitoring Establishing Injury Levels Record-Keeping Least Toxic Treatments Evaluation http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/specproj/h2o/ workbook/appendix/page111-115.htmlhttp://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/specproj/h2o/ workbook/appendix/page111-115.html

17. IPM Studies show that multiple control methods are essential. –Resistance to methods is possible –Similar to antibiotics resistance –https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=znnp- Ivj2ekhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=znnp- Ivj2ek

19. Refuge Field

20. Economical Injury Level/ Economic Threshold BIG IDEA: Find a balance between the management cost and the crop loss cost

21. Aesthetic Injury Level Significant loss to the plant’s beauty requires control

22. Scouting Searching the crop/landscape for pest damage and pests. –What would you look for??

24. Treatment Strategies Design of Landscape/Structure Habitat Modifications Human Behavior Changes Biological Controls Physical/Cultural Controls Chemical Controls

25. IPM Solutions Sanitation: Keep it clean –Remove weeds –Insects and disease can be found in left over plant material and weeds –Remove plants from last year if possible

26. IPM Solutions Physical/cultural controls: these physically prevent the problems from getting to the plants. –Don’t let them in –Remove bad plants –Promote healthy growth –Good air circulation –Physical removal –Monitor/Scout Use sticky traps

27. IPM Solutions Biological Control –Microbial, Parasitic, or Predators Microbial –Whitefly, caterpillar and aphids can be controlled with bacteria –The bacteria is a natural disease of those insects. It is like germ warfare

28. IPM Solutions Biological Control – Parasitic –Wasps lay their eggs in the whitefly larvae and eat them from the inside out Encarsia formosa

29. IPM Solutions Biological Control –Predatory –Beetle attacking whitefly –Mite killing thrips –Lady bugs eating aphids –Snakes, hawks, cats eating mice Make sure you don’t kill beneficial insects

30. IPM Solution Chemicals –Know as pesticides (insecticide, rodenticide, molluscicide, fungicide, herbicide) –Used safely –Used only when needed

31. Benefits of IPM Lower pesticide costs Save time and labor costs Less disease/pests/weed/resistance Less impact on the environment Less cancer causing chemicals

32. Conclusion Integrated Pest Management (IPM) uses all available methods to control pests A healthy environment and healthy plant leads to less diseases and pests.