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Molecules to Eye Color DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis
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(Chapter 8) DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid Carries genetic information Found every cell Discovery of DNA Structure: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sf0YX nAFBs8&safe=active http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sf0YX nAFBs8&safe=active
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Structure Composed of chains of nucleotides Nucleotides have 3 parts Phosphate Deoxyribose sugar Nitrogen base 4 kinds- G,C,T,A
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Chains have a “backbone” of phosphates and deoxyribose sugars Nitrogen bases sticking out
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Nitrogen Bases
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DNA is double stranded Another chain lines up with the nitrogen bases of the first G pairs with C and T pairs with A The bases (and strands)are held together by hydrogen bonds This forms a ladder shape ladder is twisted forming a double helix
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DNA
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“Unfolding DNA” Fold a piece of notebook paper into four columns
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DNA Replication Makes 2 identical strands of DNA An enzyme called DNA polymerase “unzips” the two strands by breaking the H-bonds. Nucleotides with complimentary bases are attached to the exposed strands (If G is exposed, a C will be attached) This results in 2 identical strands
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RNA Brain Pop! Ribonucleic acid Functions in turning DNA code into proteins 3 types Messenger, mRNA Transfer, tRNA Ribosomal, rRNA
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Structure Chains of nucleotides 3 main differences between DNA and RNA 1. Ribose sugar (not deoxyribose) 2. Has U (uracil) instead of T (thymine) 3. Single strand (not double)
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Protein Synthesis Converting DNA code into proteins Proteins are composed of chains of amino acids (AA)
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Transcription mRNA is created from DNA 1. Section of DNA (gene) unzips 2. RNA nucleotides are paired with exposed bases
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Unfolding DNA to mRNA
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mRNA strand leaves the nucleus DNA zips back up
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Codon- 3 base sequence of mRNA Anticodon- 3 base sequence on the tRNA
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Translation mRNA codons are matched with tRNA anticodons. This places AA’s in a specific order.
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AA’s bond together as tRNA release Creating a chain of AA’s with a specific sequence Chains of AA’s = protein
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