1. 21-08-0214-01-00001 IEEE 802.21 MEDIA INDEPENDENT HANDOVER Title: 21-08-0230-00-mrpm-redefined-scenarios-presentation.ppt Date Submitted: July 16, 2008 Presented at IEEE 802.21 session #27 in Denver Authors or Source(s): Behcet Sarikaya (Huawei), Dennis Edwards (CoCo), Anthony Chan (Huawei), James Han (Motorola), Michael Williams (Nokia), Scott Henderson (RIM) Abstract: Redefined Scenarios Presentation

2. 21-08-0214-01-00002 IEEE 802.21 presentation release statements This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE 802.21 Working Group. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE’s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by IEEE 802.21. The contributor is familiar with IEEE patent policy, as outlined in Section 6.3 of the IEEE-SA Standards Board Operations Manual and in Understanding Patent Issues During IEEE Standards Development http://standards.ieee.org/board/pat/guide.html> Section 6.3 of the IEEE-SA Standards Board Operations Manualhttp://standards.ieee.org/guides/opman/sect6.html#6.3 http://standards.ieee.org/board/pat/guide.html

3. 21-08-0214-01-00003 Problem Statement Multi-mode terminals, an MN with multiple radios, are increasingly popular. Each MN radio consumes power. Each radio interface is independently power managed using network specific mechanisms. Power management of individual networks is a policy function. Putting all radios in the active state maximizes connectivity and minimizes response time. Turning off all radios conserves the most power. The problem is to allow policy to guide an optimal selection of operational radio interfaces that satisfies connectivity and latency requirements while minimizing MN energy consumption. No standard, generalized framework exists to coordinate the power management functions of multiple radios. MN integrators want such a framework that will incorporate global network information.

4. 21-08-0214-01-00004 Battery life for multiple interfaces without MPRM ActiveStandbyNormalsleepDeepsleepOff Battery life (approximate only) Remarks 1 interfaceAX hrsReference 1 interfaceAY hrsReference 2 interfacesA,BW < Y hrsLose Y-W hrs of standby mode battery life 3 interfacesA,B,CT < W hrsLose Y-T hrs of standby mode battery life 1 interfaceAZ hoursReference 2 interfacesA,BU < Z hoursLose Z-U days of sleep mode battery life 3 interfacesA,B,CV < U hoursLose Z-V days of sleep mode battery life 1 interfaceA>> Z hoursReference

5. 21-08-0214-01-00005 Battery life for multiple interfaces with MRPM ActiveStandbyNormalsleepDeepsleepOff Battery life (approximate only)Remarks AX hrReference (single interface) Active/OnABY > X hrs ABZ > X hrs ABW > X hrs ABX hrs A U hrsReference (single interface) standbyABT > U2 interfaces AB,CR > T3 interfaces AB,CS > R3 interfaces AB,CU hrs3 interfaces AQ hrReference (single interface) sleepABP > Q2 interfaces AB,CM > P3 interfaces AB,CQ3 interfaces

6. 21-08-0214-01-00006 What MRPM Can Do to Help? Extend 802.21 to… Provide a standard, generalized framework (a set of power saving enablers) for minimizing multi-radio power consumption by querying and setting the operating mode of a wireless network interface. Provide a set of metrics that allows users of the framework to consider network throughput and energy consumption as policy inputs. Provide a mechanism for using MIH IS network PoA location, coverage maps and MN location information to conserve power in out of coverage areas. Such mechanism being also useful to emergency services. Provide a conceptual model for implementing Network Radio Proxies that emulate a radio’s presence on a network while it is turned off. Maintain interoperability with and between IEEE 802 and non-802 networks

7. 21-08-0214-01-00007 MRPM Framework: Get/Set Radio Operating Modes Abstract Radio Power Modes provide a mapping between an existing 802.21 Link_Action request (LINK_POWER_UP, LINK_LOW_POWER, LINK_POWER_DOWN) onto a technology specific operating mode of a radio. List of Actions may need to be extended. Enable power management policy enforcement. Each radio has an array, constructed by the MN manufacturer, containing (non-transmitting) energy consumption values for each ARPM. Need to extend 802.21 Link SAP to retrieve the profiles and to return, as well as set, the current ARPM values.

8. 21-08-0214-01-00008 MRPM Framework: Energy Consumption Metrics The energy consumed by a the wireless network interface module (vs. TX output power, IERP, etc.) is of primary interest to MRPM. There are many ways to express this battery drain, including bit energy cost (nJ/b) = mW * J/Ws * us/b = W*10-3 * J/Ws * s/b*10-6 = J/b*10-9 = nJ/b These metrics allow NSE to consider network energy consumption as a policy input; all other things being equal, choose the most energy efficient network. The most energy efficient network is also likely to be the fastest one (small bit widths). Extend MIH IS metrics to include network and link power consumption. IE_NET_DATA_POWER_LOAD value is likely to be a fixed optimal value. LINK_PARAM_GEN values are measured quantities that reflect recent network conditions. DATA_POWER_LOADUNSIGNED_INT(2)The type used with the IE_NET_DATA_POWER_LOAD, expressing power consumed, in mW, at the network IE_NET_DATA_RATE Data Power LoadDATA_POWER_LOADA new value, 5, needs to be added to the list LINK_PARAM_GEN options that specifies the power consumed, in mW, at the LINK_PARAM_GEN option 0, Data Rate Energy ConsumptionUNSIGNED_INT(4)A new value, 6, needs to be added to the list LINK_PARAM_GEN options that specifies the energy consumed, in nJ, during the interval used to determine the value of LINK_PARAM_GEN option 3, Throughput

9. 21-08-0214-01-00009 MRPM Framework: Using Location Services Enable the use of coverage models to leverage and expand the 802.21 IE_POA_LOCATION element. MN must be able to tell its location relative to, and independently of, any network POA Coverage map from MIH IS and MN location combine to avoid scanning in out of coverage areas by facilitating radio scheduling.

10. 21-08-0214-01-000010 MRMP Framework: Proxy Conceptual Model An MRPM Network Radio Proxy (NRP) is a network entity that MRPM will define. An NRP must be accessible to an MN via a current network PoA. The NRP makes it appear that a powered down radio on the MN has actually joined the candidate network. An NRP thus maximizes the candidate network availability while minimizing MN battery drain. The emulation of certain functions (e.g., MN location updates) are technology specific operations and may require an NRP Agent (NRPA) to exist on the PoA of such networks An NRP can be seen as an extension the Mobile IP Proxies that are already widely deployed on several networks, An NRPA on the current network PoA will be needed to handle “keep alives” without unnecessarily waking the MN.

11. 21-08-0214-01-0000 NRP Conceptual Model

12. 21-08-0214-01-000012 Thank you.

13. 21-08-0214-01-000013 backup

14. 21-08-0214-01-000014 Emulation Scenario: Location Update Using Active Interface While a proxy session is active, the MN may move from the coverage area of one PoA to another on the same network. When such a situation is identified, the NSE sends a PROXY_UPDATE to the NRP. The NRP would then change the NRPA that represents the MN on the network. Should mobility cause the MN to switch to a third network then the NSE will send a PROXY_MOVE message to the NRP, notifying it of the network change. Should the MN leave the coverage area of the proxy network then it will send a PROXY_LEAVE message to the NRP.

15. 21-08-0214-01-000015 Network Radio Proxy Details NRP Service descriptions will need to be added to the MIH _NET_CAPABILITIES. The MIH NSE communicates with the NRP using the following message types: PROXY_REPLACE, PROXY_JOIN, PROXY_LEAVE, PROXY_UPDATE, PROXY_MOVE, PROXY_FILTER, PROXY_TRAFFIC_PENDING, PROXY_FORWARD and PROXY_WAKING_UP

16. 21-08-0214-01-000016 NRP Scenarios NRP enables MN location updates to make it appear that a powered down radio on the MN is roaming and updating its location NRP should enable this technology dependent signaling NRP enables idle mode entry to make it appear that a powered down radio is going to the idle mode NRP should enable this technology dependent signaling

17. 21-08-0214-01-000017 TR Scenario 6.2: Location Update Using Active Interface While a proxy session is active, the MN may move from the coverage area of one PoA to another on the same network. When such a situation is identified, the NSE sends a PROXY_UPDATE to the NRP. The NRP would then change the NRPA that represents the MN on the network. Should mobility cause the MN to switch to a third network then the NSE will send a PROXY_MOVE message to the NRP, notifying it of the network change. Should the MN leave the coverage area of the proxy network then it will send a PROXY_LEAVE message to the NRP.

18. 21-08-0214-01-000018 TR Scenario 6.3: Idle Mode Signaling for Multiple Interfaces After completing a network operation, the MN may decide that it wants to turn off the radio and replace it with a proxy session. This is accomplished by sending a PROXY_REPLACE message to the NRP. Assuming simultaneously overlapping coverage, all but one active radio may be replaced by a proxy service. Depending on the amount and kind of data passing through the current network to the MN, the active radio interface may be placed in a low power state other than off.

19. 21-08-0214-01-000019 TR Scenario 6.4: Waking a Radio Over the Current Interface In TR Scenario 6.1, traffic destined for a turned off radio is forwarded over the current interface instead. Alternately, the NSE may wake the turned off radio and have it replace the proxy on the candidate network by sending a PROXY_WAKING_UP message to the NRP. Once the radio has replaced the proxy on the candidate network the proxy session ends. The NSE may switch to the new radio or decide to continue dual radio operation.

20. 21-08-0214-01-000020 TR Scenario 6.5: Parameters Configuration of Idle Interface The establishment of a proxy session requires the exchange of configuration information between the MN, the NRP and AAA entity on the candidate proxy network. NSE may apply “spam” filters to incoming traffic destined to a turned off radio, only waking the radio if it is of interest to the MN.

21. 21-08-0214-01-000021 TR Scenario 6.6: Power Management in out of Coverage Areas A MN will have no network connection when it is first turned on or when it has moved out of the coverage range of all available networks. With no other knowledge, the MN must turn on all radios, to maximize the chance of finding an appropriate network to connect with. In networks other than WiMax, the radios are essentially in an Active RX mode while looking for a network. MRPM could turn on a radio to scan for a network and then turn it off again for some configurable interval if the scan discovered nothing. If a mode can determine its own location then when querying the MIH IS for a list of proximate networks, an MN may specify an NGHB_RADIUS that far exceeds the range of any of its network radio interfaces. In areas of sparse network coverage an NSE may tell from the location and range data returned by the MIH IS that, upon losing connection with the current network, it will not be able to reconnect to another network for some significant time. In this case, the NSE may turn off the radio on receipt of a LINK_DOWN event Should an MN determine that, based on the MIH IS coverage map, it is approaching the coverage area of a new network then it could turn on the appropriate radio. A LINK_DETECTED event will be generated with the network is discovered and a LINK_UP event will be generated when the network is joined. At such time the network coverage map may be refreshed by the MIH IS