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Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA Foundation Year, Semester I Introduction to PC Prepared & Taught by Mr. SUN SETHA.

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Presentation on theme: "Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA Foundation Year, Semester I Introduction to PC Prepared & Taught by Mr. SUN SETHA."— Presentation transcript:

1 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA Foundation Year, Semester I Introduction to PC Prepared & Taught by Mr. SUN SETHA Tel: (855)11 25 66 25, E-mail: sunsetha@gmail.com

2 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA Computer System Basics Classification of Systems - Microcomputer - Minicomputer - Mainframe - Supercomputer

3 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA Microcomputer - Personal Computer / Workstation - Desktop machine, including portables - Used for small, individual tasks-such as simple desktop publishing, small business accounting, etc… - Typical cost: $2,000 to $5,000 - Example: The PCs in the labs are microcomputers

4 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA Minicomputer - Medium sized server - Desk to fridge sized machine - Used for distributed data processing and multi-user server support - Typical cost: $10,000 to $500,000 - Example: Banda is a minicomputer

5 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA Mainframe - Large server / Large Business applications - Large machines in purpose built rooms - Used as large servers and for intensive business applications - Typical cost: $500,000 to $10,000,000 - Example: IBM ES/9000, IBM 370, IBM 390

6 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA Supercomputer - Scientific applications - Large machines. Typically employ parallel architecture (multiple processors running together) - Used for VERY numerically intensive jobs - Typical cost: $5,000,000 to $25,000,000 - Example: Cray

7 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA Learning About Your Computer  Part I

8 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA Learning About Your Computer  Part I

9 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA Learning About Your Computer 1.1. What’s in Computer System? The Onion Model- layers: - Hardware (H.W) - Basic Input Output System (BIOS) - Software (S.W) Computer = Hardware + Software

10 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA Hardware (H.W) - The Chunky stuff! - If you can touch it… it’s probably hardware! - The mother board + If we have motherboards…surely there must be fatherboard? Right? + What about sonboards, or daughterboards? - Hard Disk Drives - Monitors - Keyboards

11 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA BIOS - Basic Input Output System + Directly controls hardware devices like UARTS (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) – Used in COM ports. - Stored in the ROM of the machine. + What’s ROM? - Preserved while the computer is turned off + How? + Why?

12 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA Software - Divided into two main areas + Operating System. Use to control the hardware and to provide an interface between the user and the hardware.. Manages resources in the machine, like * Memory * Disk drives + Applications. Includes games, word-processors, databases, etc…

13 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 1.2. Looking at Hardware: Hardware such as Monitor, Mouse, Keyboard and System Unit.

14 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 1.2.1. Monitor: Is the TV of Computer for Display information from System Unit. (Output Device) Monochrome (Black & White) Monitor Polychrome (Color: RGB)

15 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 1.2.2. Mouse: Input Device for click on witch commands that you want.

16 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 1.2.3. Keyboard: Input Device for type data into computer.

17 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA Type of Keyboard - Function Keys (F1-F12): For help witch program - Letter Keys (A-Z): For type letter into computer - Numeric Keys (0-9): For type number into computer - Punctuation Keys (!,. ; ’…): Is symbol keys for type into computer - Arrow Keys (  ): For replace cursor to anywhere and additional keys such as: Home, End, PageUP, PageDown, Alt, Ctrl, Shift, Enter,…

18 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 1.2.4. System Unit: All Hardware such as System Case, Mainboard Hard Disk, RAM, CPU, Floppy Disk,… in case for Computer work.

19 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 1.2.4.1. System Case: Case with Power Supply. Case for contain all necessary hardware such as main board, hard disk, ram all so. Power Supply for convert from AC (110V, 220V, 230V) to DC (12V, 5V, 3V, 0V,...)

20 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 1.2.4.1. System Case: Case with Power Supply. Case for contain all necessary hardware such as main board, hard disk, ram all so. Power Supply for convert from AC (110V, 220V, 230V) to DC (12V, 5V, 3V, 0V,...)

21 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 1.2.4.2. Main board: Main board or Motherboard is the big circuit in system unit for connect hardware and Line data that support on it to work together Sound + VGA card Mainboard Sound + VGA Built-in

22 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 1.2.4.3. HDD= Hard Disk= Hard Disk Drive= Hard Drive is the important hardware in computer. Is the rigit magnetic disk that is able to store many times more data than a floppy disk, and usually can’t removed from the disk. SCSI IDE

23 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 1.2.4.4. Processor and Memory: + Processor or CPU: Group of circuits witch perform the basic functions of a computer, made up of three parts: the control unit, the arithmetic and logic unit and the input/output unit. Slot CPU Socket CPU Slot Fan CPU CPU Socket

24 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA + Memory or RAM: allows access to any location in any order, without having to access the rest first. RAM DIMM (Double/Dual Inline Memory Module) SIMM (Single Inline Memory Module)

25 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA MS DOS Microsoft Disk Operating System  Part II

26 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA MS-DOS 2.1. What is MS-DOS? MS-DOS=Microsoft Disk Operating System 2.2. What is OS? OS=Operating System. Software that controls the basic, low level hardware operation, and file management, without the user having to operate it (the operating system is usually supplied with the computer as part of the bundled software in ROM).

27 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 2.3. Files of OS COMMAND.COM IO.SYS MSDOS.SYS DRVSPACE.BIN or DBLSPACE.BIN os

28 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 2.4. Commands of MS-DOS  Key Commands - Enter - Ctrl+C - Ctrl+S - F1 - F3 - F5 - F8

29 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA  Internal and External Commands Directory Commands File Commands System Commands Disk Commands IE Commands

30 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 1. Directory Commands

31 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 1. Directory Commands Commands for Create, Delete, Rename, Copy, Change,… directories and subdirectories. Note: 1.1. MD (Make Directory) (I): Type of Command Full Name of Command Command

32 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA i.i MD (Make Directory) (I): Is the command to configure on the directory such as for create directory and subdirectory. Syntax: MD [Drive:] [PATH] [DIR-NAME]  Ex.: C:\>md aeu  C:\>md aeu\computer  C:\>md aeu\computer\semester1  C:\>md aeu\computer\semester1\intro  C:\>md aeu\computer\semester1\software  C:\>md D:\business  C:\>md D:\economic 

33 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA i.ii DIR (Directory) (I): Specifies Drive, directory and/or file to list Syntax: DIR [Drive:] [PATH] [/P] [/W] [/A] [/?]  - /PPause after each screen full information - /ADisplay files with specified attributes. - /wUses wide list format - /LUses lowercase Ex.: C:\>dir  Volume in drive C is AEU Volume Serial Number is 6899-84BE Directory of C:\

34 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA Document and Setting 01/17/200008:57a Intpub 03/02/200410:01a Odbcconf.log2,40302/10/200401:06p Pkgclnup.doc10,02201/17/200408:15p WINNT 03/02/200407:06a 2 Files(s)12,425 bytes 3 Directories 15,011,131,392 bytes free

35 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA View Group of Files Name: You can use wildcard (*,?) to view group of files. Ex.: C:\>Dir *.doc  (View all of files that extension.doc) C:\>Dir Th?da.txt  C:\>Dir J?n*.*  You can use ( /? ) after command to help how to use those commands. Ex.: C:\>Dir /?  C:\>CD /? 

36 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA i.iii CD (Change Directory) (I): Display the name of or changes current directory. Syntax: CD [Drive:] [PATH]  Ex.: C:\>cd c:\aeu  => C:\aeu>cd computer  => C:\aeu\computer>cd semester1  => C:\aeu\computer\semester1>cd..  => C:\aeu\computer>cd\  => C:\>D:  => D:\>A:  => A:\> 

37 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA i.iv RD (Remove Directory) (I): Removes or Deletes a directory. Syntax: RD [Drive:] [PATH] [DIR-NAME]  Ex.: C:\>rd c:\aeu\computer\semester1  or C:\>cd c:\aeu\computer  => C:\aeu\computer>rd semester1  C:\>rd c:\aeu\computer  C:\>rd c:\aeu\business\accounting  C:\>rd c:\aeu\business  C:\>rd aeu  Semester1 aeu Computer Business Accounting C:

38 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 2. File Commands

39 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 2. File Commands We use file commands to configure on the file such as create, delete, copy, rename, and attrib files. 2.1. COPY CON (I): is the command for copy one or more file to another location by keyboard. Syntax: COPY CON [Drive:] [PATH] [FILE-NAME]  Ex.1: C:\>Copy con A:\Kimsan\Hello.txt  ……………………………………………….  …..………Type text…………………….  press F6 or Ctrl+Z to save file 

40 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA In the example 1 we make file from keyboard, Hello.txt, in drive A: directory Kimsan.

41 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA Ex.2: C:\>Copy con A:\Kimsan\Dara\Jan.doc  …………….type text here…………………… …………………………………………………….. Press F6 or Ctrl+Z to save file  2.2. TYPE (I): is the command for display the contents of a text file or files. Syntax: TYPE [Drive:] [PATH] [FILE-NAME]  Ex.: C:\>Type A:\Kimsan\Hello.txt  C:\>Type A:\Kimsan\Dara\Jan.doc 

42 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA In this example view text of file, but you can not edit on the text by Command Type.

43 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 2.3. REN (Rename) (I): is the command for renames a File Directory or Files/Directories. When you rename file the same copy file because we give new file name but meaning of file not change. Syntax: REN [Drive:] [PATH] [Dir1] [FILE-NAME1] [Dir2] [FILE-NAME2]  Ex.1: C:\>Ren A:\Kimsan\Hello.txt Jan.txt  We rename the Hello.txt file to Jan.txt file in directory Kimsan.

44 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA Ex.2: C:\>Ren A:\Kimsan\Dara\Jan.doc Sok.bat  In the same, we rename Jan.doc to Sok.bat file in drive A directory Kimsan subdirectory Dara and the Ex.3 we rename the directory AEI to AEU in drive A and AEU to AEI in current drive C Ex.3: C:\>Ren A:\AEI AEU  C:\>Ren AEU AEI  If we want to rename a group of files to other files you can do like this: C:\>Ren *.exe *.bak  In this example we rename all the files that have extension (.exe) to (.bak) in drive C:

45 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA C:\>Ren *.* *.doc  We rename all files name and its extension to the same name but extension (.doc). 2.4. DEL (Delete) (I): is the command for delete one or more files. This command delete files only. Syntax: DEL [Drive:] [PATH] [FILE-NAME]  - Delete Single File: Before we delete file we need to know the destination of the file. In this example we have the file in drive A: and directory name Kimsan we can do like this: C:\>Del A:\Kimsan\Hello.txt 

46 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA - Delete a Group of Files: we delete a group of files we use Del command with wildcards (*,?). C:\>Del A:\*.*  we delete all of files in drive A:

47 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 2.5. COPY (I): is the command for copy one or more files to another location: - Copy from Directory to another Directory - Copy a group of file use wildcards - Rename a files as it is copied - Combining text files - Copy a file to a printer

48 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA Syntax: COPY [Drive1:] [PATH] [FILE-NAME1] [Drive2:] [PATH] [FILE-NAME2]  2.5.1. Copy a single file: Copy a file to another location. Ex.: C:\>Copy A:\Senat.txt D:\Kimsan  We copy file Senat.txt from drive A: to drive D: in Kimsan 2.5.2. Copy a group of files: We use wildcards to copy a group of files. Ex.: C:\>Copy *.exe A:\Dara  Copy all name of the files that have extension (.exe) in drive C: to directory Dara in drive A

49 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA Ex.: C:\>Copy A:\Jan?.* C:\Sok  Copy all files that begin with Jan word and with last one character and all extension to drive C: in directory Sok. By this example, if floppy A: has 5 files such as: Jan1.doc, Jan2.txt, Jan3.bak, Jana.txt, january.doc. Its will copy 4 files to drive C: in directory Sok, Jan1.doc, Jan2.txt, Jan3.bak, Jana.txt. It’s not copy January.doc. Note: When you copy files to another location you should be control capacity in byte of destination that contain files.

50 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 2.5.3. Rename a file as it is copied: We can use this command for rename files or extension, this command is like REN. Ex.: C:\>Copy Hello.txt A:\Hi.txt  If a group of files we use wildcards C:\>Copy A:\*.tmp D:\*.exe  We can rename name of file in the same location but if you ddn’t change the name of file, MS-DOS will warning message File cannot be copied onto itself 0 files copied

51 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 2.5.4. Combining Text of Files: We use command copy to combine text of 2 or more files into one file by add (+) sign between each file name. Ex.: we have 4 files, (Hello.txt, Game.doc, Jan.txt and sok.doc) and want to combine text of all files to one, named Combine.txt. C:\>Copy Hello.txt+Game.doc+Jan.txt+sok.doc Combine.txt 

52 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 2.5.5. Copy a file to printer: To print each text of file, we have to send it through printer cable first and then switch on printer. Ex.: C:\>Copy Combine.txt lpt1  or C:\>Copy Con lpt1  ……………type text here………….. …………………………………………… Press F6 or Ctrl+Z to save file

53 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 2.6. Attrib (Attribute) (E): is the command for displays or changes file to attrib as follow: - R : Read Only File an Attribute - A : Archive File an Attribute - H : Hidden File an Attribute - S : System File an Attribute - (+) : Set an Attribute - (-) : Clear an Attribute

54 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA - /S: Processes matching files in the current folder and all subfolders. - /D: Processes folders as well. Syntax: Attrib [+A|-A] [+H|-H] [+R|-R] [+S|-S] [Drive:] [PATH] [FILE-NAME] [/S] [/D]  Ex.: C:\>Attrib +A +H +R A:\channa.txt  C:\>dir A:  C:\>Attrib -A -H -R A:\channa.txt  C:\>dir A: 

55 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA If you want to display all of files that set attribute hidden you can type the command Dir /a. C:\>Dir /a  If you want to display all of files that set which attribute you can type the command Attrib. C:\>attrib 

56 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 2.7. XCOPY (E): is the command for copies files and directories tree to another location. Syntax: XCOPY [SOURCE][DESTINATION][/P][/A][/M][/S][/E] [/V]  Source : Specifies the file(s) to copy. Destination : Specifies the location and/or name of the new files. /P : Prompt you before you creating each destination file. /A : Copies file with the archive attribute set, doesn’t change the attribute.

57 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA /M: Copies file with the archive attribute set, turn off the archive attribute. /S : Copies Directories and Subdirectories except empty ones /E : Copies Directories and Subdirectories, including empty ones /W: Prompt you to press a key before copying. /V: Verifies each new files. To copy directory and subdirectory we use XCOPY Command. It is the same COPY Command but COPY Command can’t copy directory or subdirectory, it copy file only.

58 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 2.7.1. Copy all files in a directory: Copy all files in a directory without subdirectory we use XCOPY Command. Ex.: C:\>XCOPY C:\HELLO\KIMSAN\STUDENTLIST D:\Bopha  In this example we copy all files in subdirectory studentlist in current drive C: to directory Bopha in drive D: without wildcards 2.7.2. Creating directory as your copy files: If you copy files or directory to new directory that not created, MSDOS will be created. Ex.: C:\>XCOPY A: D:\Asia 

59 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA In example above mean: drive D: is empty not directory but when we copy files from drive A: to drive D: directory Asia created. So we create new directory by XCOPY Command. When we use XCOPY Command the same the rename directory, because after we copy MSDOS will be create new directory that you define for store directory, subdirectory and files that you copy from old directory. Note: when you enter MSDOS allow you to choice 2 options: Press F= Create File Only, D= Create New Directory for store subdirectory of file)

60 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 2.7.3. Copying Subdirectory: For copy subdirectory to another directory we use with options /s and /e. Ex.: C:\>XCOPY C:\KIMSAN D:\ /s/e  in this example will be show that it is create Kimsan ’s directory and subdirectory again to drive D: include other empty directory. If you want to copy directory and subdirectory that related files only we use XCOPY Command with slash s (/s) C:\>XCOPY A: C:\HOME /S 

61 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 3. System Commands

62 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 3. System Commands We use system commands to change, display or sets system of machine. 3.1. VER (Version) (I): is the command for display the version of DOS or version of OS. Syntax: VER  Ex.: C:\>Ver 

63 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 3.2. CLS (Clear Screen) (I): is the command for Clear the Screen. Syntax: CLS  Ex.: C:\>CLS  3.3. TIME (I): is the command for display or sets the system time. Syntax: TIME  Ex.: C:\>Time  The current time is: 22:04:13.42 Enter the new time:

64 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 3.4. DATE (I): is the command for display or sets the system date. Syntax: DATE  Ex.: C:\>Date  The current date is: Thu 09/09/2004 Enter the new date:

65 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 3.5. SYS (System) (I): Copies MS-DOS System Files and Command Interpreter to a disk you specify. Syntax: SYS [DRIVE1:][PATH][DRIVE2]  [DRIVE1:][PATH] Specifies the location of the system files [DRIVE2:] Specifies the drive the files are to be copied to. Ex.: C:\>SYS A:  Copies MS-DOS system files from C: to A: A:\>SYS C:  Copies MS-DOS system Files from A: to C: After you enter you see the message that system transferred.

66 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 3.6. PROMPT (I): Change the MS-DOS Command Prompt. Syntax: PROMPT [TEXT][X]  [TEXT] : Specifies a new command prompt. [X] : normal characters and the following special codes: $Q= (equal sign) $$$ (dollar sign) $TCurrent Time $DCurrent Date $PCurrent drive and path $B| (pipe)

67 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA $VMS-DOS Version number $G> (greater-than sign) $L< (less-than sign) Ex.: C:\>Prompt $$  $ $Prompt $d  01-07-04 01-07-04 Prompt $L  < <Prompt Kimsan  Kimsan KimsanPrompt $p$g  C:\>

68 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 4. Disk Commands

69 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 4.1. VOL (Volume) (I): Display the Volume label and serial number, if they exist. Syntax: VOL [Drive:]  Ex: C:\>Vol  Volume in drive C: is KIMSAN Volume Serial Number is 6899-84BE C:\>Vol A:  Volume in drive A has no label. Volume Serial Number is 9CE8-D9D5

70 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 4.2. LALBEL (I): Creates, Changes or Deletes the volume label of a disk. Syntax: LABEL [Drive:] [LABEL]  Ex: C:\>Label  Volume in drive C: is KIMSAN Volume Serial Number is 6899-84BE Volume label ? C:\>Label A:  Volume in drive A: is KIMSAN Volume Serial Number is 9CE8-D9D5 Volume label ?

71 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 4.3. FORMAT (E): Format a disk for use MS-DOS. Syntax: FORMAT [Drive:] [/S] [/Q] [/U] [/F:SIZE]  /SAfter format, Copy files system to disk /QPerforms a quick format /F:SizeSpecifies the size of the floppy disk to format (160 180, 320, 360, 640, 720, 1.2, 1.23, 1.44, 2.88, or 20.8) /8formats eight sectors per track Ex: C:\>Format A: /S  A:\>Format C: /S/Q 

72 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 4.4. CHKDSK (Check Disk) (I): Check a disk and display a status report. Syntax: CHKDSK [Drive:] [PATH] [FILE-NAME] [/F] [/V]  CHKDSK [Drive:] [/F] [/V]  /FFixes errors on the disk /VDisplay the full path and name of every file on the disk. Ex: C:\>chkdsk  D:\>chkdsk /f/v 

73 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 4.5. MEM (Memory) (I): Display the amount of used and free memory in your system. Syntax: MEM [/C] [/D] [/F] [/M] [/P]  CHKDSK [Drive:] [/F] [/V]  /Classify or /C: Classifies programs by memory usage. /Debug or /D: Displays status of all modules in memory. /Free or /F: Displays information about the amount of free memory left in both conventional upper memory. /Module or /M: Displays a detailed listing of a module’s memory use. /Page or /P: Pauses after each screen full of information. Ex: C:\>mem 

74 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 4.6. SCANDISK (E): Is the command for checking for errors in disks. For more information about the command-line parameters supported by scandisk for windows, look up ‘ checking for errors, in disk’ in the windows help index. Then view the topic ‘checking your disk for errors every time your computer starts.’ Syntax: SCANDISK [Drive:]  Ex: C:\>scandisk  A:\>scandisk C:  C:\>scandisk A: 

75 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 4.7. Defrag (E): Syntax: Defrag [Drive:]  Ex: C:\>defrag  (on windows click start->program->accessories ->system tools->choose scandisk or disk defragmenter)

76 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 4.8. DISKCOPY (E): Copies the contents of one floppy disk to another. Syntax: DISKCOPY [Drive1:] [Drive2:]  DISKCOPY [Drive1:] [Drive2:] [/1][/V][/M]  - /1Copies only the first side of the disk - /VVerifies that the information is copied correctly - /MForce multi-pass copy using memory only The two floppy disks must be the same type You may specify the same drive for drive1 and drive2. Ex: C:\>Diskcopy A: A:  Insert SOURCE disk in drive A: and press ENTER when ready…

77 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 4.9. MSBACKUP (E): Backup or Restore data to and from disk. Syntax: MSBACKUP [Drive:]  Ex: C:\>msbackup  4.10. DBLSPACE.BIN or DRVSPACE.BIN (E): For compress disk. Syntax: DRVSPACE [Drive:]  Ex: C:\>drvspace  We use DBLSPACE.BIN or DRVSPACE.BIN for HDD that have space below 500 MB and we use dblspace.bin for MS-DOS Version 6.00 and 6.20 and drvspace.bin for MS-DOS Version 6.22. In windows 98se click start-> program-> Accessories-> System Tools-> Compression Agent next do by intruction.

78 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 4.11. FDISK (Fixed Disk) (E): Command for create partition table for disk. You can do this command, you must to have startup disk or system disk store files: command.com, io.sys, msdos.sys, drvspace.bin, format.exe, fdisk.exe In BIOS setup program change first boot from floppy disk. After command prompt (A:\>) type Fdisk  Ex.: A:\>Fdisk  Click Yes to view large disk support.

79 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA FDISK OPTION Choose one of the following: 1. Create DOS partition or logical DOS drive. 2. Set active partition. 3. Delete partition or logical DOS drive. 4. Display partition information. Enter Choice: [-]

80 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 4.12. EDIT (I): Syntax: EDIT [Drive:] [Path] [File-Name]  Ex.: C:\>edit A:\Hello.txt  C:\>edit  MS-DOS Editor can do this: - Choose information from menu and special information and preferences in dialog box. - Choose text and move, copy or delete. - Find and instead text

81 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA  Create File  Open File  Save File  Print File  Print Help Topic  Control The Screen Display

82 Introduction to PC Copyright © STC 2005 Asia Euro University SUN SETHA 2.5. Batch Program - What is the batch? Batch Files? Batch Program?


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