1. EMG Calibration TASK TRAINING Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Space Flight Peter Cavanagh, PhDNovember 16, 2001 Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Space Flight E318 Principal Investigator: Peter R. Cavanagh PhD Penn State University Email: prc@psu.edu Phone: 814-863-0995 PSU Research Team: Co-Investigators: Kerim Genc Steve Arnold PhD Richard Brand MD NASA/LM Support: Robert Whalen PhD Mark Anderson BS Karen Borski BS Christian Maender MS Peter Nystrom MS

2. EMG Calibration TASK TRAINING Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Space Flight Peter Cavanagh, PhDNovember 16, 2001 Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas EMG Calibration System

3. EMG Calibration TASK TRAINING Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Space Flight Peter Cavanagh, PhDNovember 16, 2001 Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas Why is Calibration Necessary? The output signal from muscle varies day to day and from person to person. Therefore, output from a standard load is used at the beginning of each session to provide a reference level for muscle output

4. EMG Calibration TASK TRAINING Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Space Flight Peter Cavanagh, PhDNovember 16, 2001 Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas EMG Calibration Hardware Spring Scale –25lb capacity Cal Strap –Interfaces with limb Cal Cord –Rings –Pulley Ring 1 Ring 3 Ring 2

5. EMG Calibration TASK TRAINING Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Space Flight Peter Cavanagh, PhDNovember 16, 2001 Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas EMG Calibration System Spring Scale –Scale can be moved to enable viewing from many directions –Set zero by twisting knob at top of scale and setting the slider to zero Calibration Knob Slider

6. EMG Calibration TASK TRAINING Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Space Flight Peter Cavanagh, PhDNovember 16, 2001 Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas EMG Calibration System The cal cord has been constructed for your body dimensions. Do not switch cords with another crew member

7. EMG Calibration TASK TRAINING Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Space Flight Peter Cavanagh, PhDNovember 16, 2001 Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 41.4” Hand Rail (attached below LDFR positions) HEA (pulley attachment) HEA (spring scale attachment) 21.5” Hand Rail LDFR (two different positions: high, low) HRF Rack Equipment –41.4” Handrail –21.5” Handrail –HEA (Handrail Equipment Anchor) –STEA (Seat Track Equipment Anchor) –LDFR (Long Duration Foot Restraint) STEA (pulley attachment)

8. EMG Calibration TASK TRAINING Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Space Flight Peter Cavanagh, PhDNovember 16, 2001 Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas Set up attachments on HRF Rack Center 21.5” Handrail on top seat track #1 above HRF rack Attach handrail to lowest anchor point on each side of vertical Seat Track on HRF Rack 1 Attach Handrail Equipment Assembly to 41.4” Handrail several inches to right of midline and in line with other Handrail Equipment Assembly on 21.5” Handrail at top of HRF Rack 1 Attach Seat Track Equipment Anchor midway along left Seat Track

9. EMG Calibration TASK TRAINING Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Space Flight Peter Cavanagh, PhDNovember 16, 2001 Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas Set up attachments on HRF Rack Attach Brace Assemblies to anchor points on each side of vertical Seat Track located on HRF Rack 1. Seventeen (17) open anchor holes should be between the top of 41.4" Handrail and bottom of Brace Assemblies Attach Foot Plate and Rail Assembly to Brace Assemblies. Position Foot Plates so that they are adjacent and midway between center and right of Long Duration Foot Restraint Position Foot Loop on Foot Plates so that it can anchor left foot during side mount (person facing left in reference to HRF Rack 1

10. EMG Calibration TASK TRAINING Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Space Flight Peter Cavanagh, PhDNovember 16, 2001 Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas Set up Spring Scale Clip Spring Scale upper carabineer to Handrail Equipment Assembly on 21.5” Handrail at top of HRF Rack 1 Clip Cal Cord upper carabineer to lower clip on Spring Scale. Clip Cal Cord pulley carabineer labeled to Handrail Equipment Assembly on 41.4” Use knob on top of Spring Scale to calibrate display 0.0 while not loaded Clip Cal Strap to Cal Cord Ring #1

11. EMG Calibration TASK TRAINING Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Space Flight Peter Cavanagh, PhDNovember 16, 2001 Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas EMG Calibration Exercises Plantarflexion (Toe Down) Dorsiflexion (Toe Up) Elbow Flexion (Forearm Up) Hip Extension (Leg Back) Knee Extension (Leg Forward) Elbow Extension (Forearm Down) Quiet Standing

12. EMG Calibration TASK TRAINING Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Space Flight Peter Cavanagh, PhDNovember 16, 2001 Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas General Guidelines Button presses signal the start of each calibration exercise Hold a steady load during data collection Repeat each exercise 3 times Keep the cal cord as close to right angles to the limb as possible Keep cal strap at correct position on limb or on shoe

13. EMG Calibration TASK TRAINING Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Space Flight Peter Cavanagh, PhDNovember 16, 2001 Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas EMG Calibration Requirements Good final body positions Maintain the appropriate load (as read from scale) during each exercise

14. EMG Calibration TASK TRAINING Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Space Flight Peter Cavanagh, PhDNovember 16, 2001 Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas Plantarflexion

15. EMG Calibration TASK TRAINING Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Space Flight Peter Cavanagh, PhDNovember 16, 2001 Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas Plantarflexion (Toe Down) Place LDFR in ‘high’ position Attach EMG Calibration System to rack Face HRF rack, rotate left 90 o Wrap Strap at marker on right shoe and clip to ring 1 Press marker button (2x) Keep right knee straight and point toe down so that final position is with foot at neutral Scale: 20lbs Hold for 5 seconds (repeat 2x)

16. EMG Calibration TASK TRAINING Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Space Flight Peter Cavanagh, PhDNovember 16, 2001 Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas Dorsiflexion

17. EMG Calibration TASK TRAINING Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Space Flight Peter Cavanagh, PhDNovember 16, 2001 Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas Dorsiflexion (Toe Up) Place LDFR in ‘high’ position Face HRF rack, rotate left 90 o Wrap Strap at marker on right shoe and clip to ring 2 Press marker button (2x) Keep right ankle at 90° and bend right knee Scale: 15lbs Hold for 5 seconds (repeat 2x)

18. EMG Calibration TASK TRAINING Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Space Flight Peter Cavanagh, PhDNovember 16, 2001 Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas Elbow Flexion

19. EMG Calibration TASK TRAINING Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Space Flight Peter Cavanagh, PhDNovember 16, 2001 Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas Elbow Flexion (Forearm Up) Place LDFR in ‘low’ position Face HRF rack, flex right elbow 90 o palm up Wrap Strap on right wrist and clip to ring 3 Press marker button (2x) Align upper arm with trunk Raise forearm until horizontal to ground Scale: 15lbs Hold for 5 seconds (repeat 2x)

20. EMG Calibration TASK TRAINING Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Space Flight Peter Cavanagh, PhDNovember 16, 2001 Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas Hip Extension

21. EMG Calibration TASK TRAINING Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Space Flight Peter Cavanagh, PhDNovember 16, 2001 Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas Hip Extension (Leg Back) Place LDFR in ‘low’ position Position STEA to lower left of HRF rack above LDFR Face HRF rack, rotate left 90 o Wrap Strap on right calf and clip to ring 2 Press marker button (2x) Keep right leg straight and in front of body Move entire leg back until it is aligned with vertical Scale: 15lbs Hold for 5 seconds (repeat 2x)

22. EMG Calibration TASK TRAINING Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Space Flight Peter Cavanagh, PhDNovember 16, 2001 Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas Knee Extension

23. EMG Calibration TASK TRAINING Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Space Flight Peter Cavanagh, PhDNovember 16, 2001 Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas Knee Extension (Leg Forward) Place LDFR in ‘low’ position Position STEA to lower right of HRF rack above LDFR Face HRF rack, rotate left 90 o Wrap Strap at marker on right calf and clip to ring 2 Press marker button (2x) Keep right hip bent at 90° and thigh horizontal Move lower leg forward until it is vertical and knee is at 90° Scale: 20lbs Hold for 5 seconds (repeat 2x)

24. EMG Calibration TASK TRAINING Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Space Flight Peter Cavanagh, PhDNovember 16, 2001 Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas Elbow Extension

25. EMG Calibration TASK TRAINING Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Space Flight Peter Cavanagh, PhDNovember 16, 2001 Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas Elbow Extension (Forearm Down) Place LDFR in ‘low’ position Remove Cord from Scale Attach Strap to Scale Face towards HRF rack, palm down Wrap Strap on right wrist Press marker button (2x) Keep upper arm aligned with trunk Move forearm arm down until it is horizontal Scale: 15lbs (bend knees if needed) Hold for 5 seconds (repeat 2x)

26. EMG Calibration TASK TRAINING Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Space Flight Peter Cavanagh, PhDNovember 16, 2001 Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas Quiet Standing

27. EMG Calibration TASK TRAINING Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Space Flight Peter Cavanagh, PhDNovember 16, 2001 Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas Quiet Standing Place LDFR in ‘low’ position Face towards HRF rack Assume a 1-G standing position Press marker button (3x) Hold for 5 seconds Press marker button (3x)

28. EMG Calibration TASK TRAINING Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Space Flight Peter Cavanagh, PhDNovember 16, 2001 Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas End of Calibration Session Unclip EMG Calibration System and stow Stow all HRF Rack Equipment Go about daily activities

29. EMG Calibration TASK TRAINING Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Space Flight Peter Cavanagh, PhDNovember 16, 2001 Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas Off-Nominal Situations Problem: Pulley impinges on a ring –Cannot get into desired position Solution: –Adjust rings as needed in order to have free movement of the pulley –Adjust position of foot plates Add picture(s) illustrating ring adjustment

30. EMG Calibration TASK TRAINING Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Space Flight Peter Cavanagh, PhDNovember 16, 2001 Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas Off-Nominal Situations Problem: Difficult to see scale when in desired exercise position Solution: –Rotate scale so that it can be more easily seen –Adjust position of scale on 21.5” handrail so that the scale is in a better position

31. EMG Calibration TASK TRAINING Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Space Flight Peter Cavanagh, PhDNovember 16, 2001 Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas Problem: Difficult to determine if you are in the desired final position Solution: –Have a fellow crew member give his/her opinion Off-Nominal Situations

32. EMG Calibration TASK TRAINING Foot/Ground Reaction Forces During Space Flight Peter Cavanagh, PhDNovember 16, 2001 Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas Problem: Difficulty in maintaining desired position or to obtain required load in final position –Mainly a problem in 1G Solution: –Adjust rings or footplate positions so that correct load is obtained when in the desired final position –Have a second person help support you during the exercises (make sure the second person does not interfere with the exercise) Off-Nominal Situations