1. Rural Land Organization

2. Metes and Bounds Used in England and 13 colonies Uses physical features along with directions and boundaries “Metes” means measurement on a straight run “Bounds” means boundaries (ie: wall, road, river, etc.)

3. Metes and Bounds

4. Long Lot The cultural landscape of Burgundy, France reflects the Long Lot Survey system, as land is divided into long, narrow parcels. People live in nucleated villages and land ownership is highly fragmented. Found today in French Canada and Louisiana

6. Long Lot

8. Township and Range Surveyed land based on longitude and latitude. Broke up into square-mile sections Sections dispersed around townships Midwest part of U.S. 1862 Homestead Act allowed up to 160 surveyed acres per settler as long as they lived on and cultivated the land for 5 years. This broke up most of the Mid-West and Western States into the Township and Range System. Township and Range system in Washington State: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/services/gis/maps/wria/townships/trs.htm

9. Township and Range The cultural landscape of Garden City, Iowa reflects the Township and Range system. Townships are 6x6 miles and section lines are every 1 mile.

11. Township and Range

12. Agricultural Villages Nucleated settlement-intense cultivation with homes clustered in a village-most of the world’s farms are nucleated. Dispersed settlement-individual farm house widely spaced-North America Linear Village-follows a stream or road Cluster Village-(nucleated) intersection of roads Round Village-to corral livestock (rundling-Slavic farmers) Walled Village-e.g. Medieval Europe Grid Village-Spanish colonial villages & modern day planned-towns

14. Nucleated Settlement Early England Houses and fields surround a church Sometimes has a village green and/or open fields

15. Dispersed Settlement Separate farms scattered around Rural England, 13 colonies, opposite Nucleated Settlements

16. Linear Village (Long lot)

17. Cluster Village Pattern established in English rural landscape, it reflects the historical pattern of growth through establishment of satellite settlements.

18. Newfane, Vermont, a New England clustered settlement. Public buildings are grouped around a common, including the courthouse in the (foreground), church (right), and Union Hall (background, opposite the courthouse).

19. Round/Circular Village Today, mostly found in Sub-Saharan Africa ↓

20. Walled Village

21. Round and Walled

22. Grid Village