1. Ancient History of Restorative Art 1288 – 1110 BC Egyptian embalmers: emaciation Cheeks: sawdust Eyelids: linen pads Abdominal Incisions Resin Broken limbs; Decubitus ulcers Eyes: stones, small onions Resin and fat followed by bandaging.

2. Anatomical/Middle Period No restorative art. Effigies

3. US Civil War Effort made to repair traumatic injuries. Little restorative art was practiced. 1912: the “modern” era of RA

4. Reference to a Photograph Professional portraits Snapshots Profile View Three-quarter View Frontal View Inversion of the Photograph

5. Highlight Shadow Normal Lighting Directional Lighting Flat Lighting

6. Modeling Techniques

7. Concepts of Modeling Armatures: “framework, a material commonly of pliable metal or wood, employed to provide support for a wax restoration” Analyze before modeling. Size, Position and Form

8. Concepts of Modeling (cont’d) Landmarks of Size Measurements in One Direction Configuration to a Pattern Rough Modeling Smoothing a Wax Surface Construction of Large Masses Surface Corrections by Additions

9. Concepts of Modeling (cont’d) Surface Corrections by Reduction Modeling by Silhouette Modeling the Profile Modeling the Bilateral Form