1. RenewableEnergies Solutions for the Future Manuel F. M. Costa Universidade do Minho, Departamento de FísicaPORTUGAL EFEU, Patras, Greece, May 13, 2009

2. Hands-on Science www.hsci.info

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4. The United Nations declared 2005 - 2014 the decade of the Education for a Sustainable Development … EFEU, Patras, Greece, May 13, 2009 Manuel Filipe P. C. M. Costa, 2009

5. ENERGY … polution … … polution … degradation of our quality of life degradation of our quality of life EFEU, Patras, Greece, May 13, 2009 Manuel Filipe P. C. M. Costa, 2009

6. Sources of energy in Earth TidesGeothermalSolar Manuel Filipe P. C. M. Costa, 2009 EFEU, Patras, Greece, May 13, 2009

7. Manuel Filipe P. C. M. Costa, 2009 EFEU, Patras, Greece, May 13, 2009

8. Manuel Filipe P. C. M. Costa, 2009 Wave Energy Hidroelectrical EnergyEnergia (water cycle) Bio-energy (biomass - photosintesis) Fossil Fuel transformation of biomass during million years EFEU, Patras, Greece, May 13, 2009

9. 31.500.000.000 W/m 2 ~ 32 TW/m 2 Manuel Filipe P. C. M. Costa, 2009 … but only bettween 1,4 and 21,4% of that energy reaches the Earth … However that amount of energy its enough cover 10000 times the energy needs in all the world (~12TW) EFEU, Patras, Greece, May 13, 2009

10. SUN relatively low efficience … but … WIND increased use RIVERS AND WATER FALLS 2200 TWh in 2002 (theoretical maximum of 50000 TWh) SEA WAVES >100 MW in Denmark TIDES in 1967 in France (La Rance) a pioneer station produce 240 MW GEOTHERMAL 1998 8,000 MW HYDROGEEN CELLS a great hope BIOMASSNUCLEAR Manuel Filipe P. C. M. Costa, 2009 EFEU, Patras, Greece, May 13, 2009

11. Manuel Filipe P. C. M. Costa, 2009 Fossil Fuel On last 200 years half the reserves were spend. A 50 CV car only needs 100 ml of gas to drive 1,5km spending 66kW, but… Industrial Revolution Oil crisis – on the 70’ and 2008/2009/… In England only the energy needs raised to 8 GW but with peaks of over 40 GW EFEU, Patras, Greece, May 13, 2009

12. Manuel Filipe P. C. M. Costa, 2009 … the future … EFEU, Patras, Greece, May 13, 2009

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14. …green house effect, deflorestation, lack of drinking water, atmospheric polution,… EFEU, Patras, Greece, May 13, 2009

15. Manuel Filipe P. C. M. Costa, 2009 better use of the energy and our natural resources … in harmony with nature … … discovering, profiting, creating, inventing … REWENABLE ENERGIES … discovering, profiting, creating, inventing … REWENABLE ENERGIES … sustainable development…

16. Manuel Filipe P. C. M. Costa, 2009 mfcosta@fisica.uminho.pt