1. WHAT BUGGED THE TROOPS IN THE CIVIL WAR?

2. MAN’S VIEW OF INSECTS

3. AN EXCELLENT REFERENCE “FLORA AND FAUNA OF THE CIVIL WAR”

4. MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY UNKNOWN IN CIVIL WAR VERY IMPORTANT IN WORLD WAR II –SOME TROOPS CARRIED A RIFLE PLUS A SPRAY GUN IN SOUTH PAFICIC ISLANDS

5. ORGANISMS INVOLVED FLIES LICE FLEAS TICKS MITES - CHIGGERS

6. GREAT VARIETY OF BITING FLIES MOSQUITOES DEER FLIES HORSE FLIES BLACK FLIES “NO-SEE-UMS”

7. MOSQUITOES HIGHLY PESTIFEROUS –PROBABLY DID NOT BOTHER OHIO FARM BOYS AS MUCH AS THE CITY BOYS TRANSMIT DISEASES –MALARIA –YELLOW FEVER –DENQUE FEVER

8. ANOPHELES IS VECTOR OF MALARIA

9. LARVA AND PUPA of ANOPHELES

10. FAVORABLE HABITATS FOR ANOPHELES LARVAE 1. LARVAE CAN BE ABUNDANT IN FISH-LESS POOLS 2. SMALL TEMPORARY POOLS ARE MAJOR BREEDING SITES 3. THE SOUTH WAS LARGELY RURAL

11. AN EXAMPLE OF VERNAL POOL SPRING

12. VERNAL POOL IN SUMMER

13. VERNAL POOLS ARE GOOD HABITAT FOR ANOPHELES

14. MALARIA CAUSED MORE DEATHS THAN BATTLES TWO-THIRDS OF THE 360,000 UNION FATALITIES WERE DUE TO DISEASES 224 OUT OF EVERY1000 FEDERALS WHO SOUGHT MEDICAL HELP HAD MALARIA

15. FOUR KINDS OF MALARIA THREE KINDS ARE DEBILATING BUT NOT FATAL ONE KIND COMMONLY CAUSES DEATH

16. QUININE WAS A PREVENTATIVE UNION HAD READY ACCESS TO THIS COMPOUND CONFEDERACY HAD POOR ACCESS DUE TO UNION BLOCKADE OF PORTS

17. AEDES AEGYPTI IS VECTOR OF YELLOW FEVER

18. BREEDS IN SMALL, OPEN CONTAINERS THESE WERE ABUNDANT IN SOUTHERN COASTAL CITIES

19. A DEADLY DISEASE WAS PARTICULARLY COMMON IN SOUTHERN PORT CITIES NO LONGER FOUND IN USA

20. DEER FLIES

21. BREEDING SITE OF DEER FLIES

22. HORSE FLIES

23. HORSE FLIES AND DEER FLIES ARE NOT KNOWN TO TRANSMIT ANY DISEASES

24. A REAL PROBLEM WITH HORSES

25. BLACK FLIES

26. BLACK FLY LARVAE ON ROCKS IN STREAM

27. NO-SEE-UMS

28. NO-SEE-UMS ARE VERY SMALL

29. ITCH-CAUSING BUGS FLEAS LICE MITES AND TICKS

30. FLEAS

31. LIFE CYCLE OF A FLEA

32. LICE

33. MUCH TIME WAS SPENT REMOVING NITS (EGGS)

34. CHIGGER MITE

35. MITES - CHIGGERS

36. TICKS

37. MAN’S WISH FOR INSECTS

38. THE REAL FUTURE OF MAN