1. Pharmacological Properties of Medicinal plants Pharmaceutical use based on pharmacological use Problems of pharmacological classification Clinical use of allopathic drugs Use of traditional medicine

2. Drugs of CNS Nervous system CNSANSPeripheral

3. Central Nervous System Comprises of brain and spinal cord General stimulatory or depressant action Narcotic drugs Hallucinogenic drugs Sociological implications

4. Autonomic Nervous System Links to smooth muscle and glands Two divisions Sympathetic and Para sympathetic

5. DRUGS ACTING ON CVS Heart & circulatory diseases are principal cause of mortality in Developed nations Intensive research on prevention rather than cure Regulation of heart is dependant upon many factors 447 species with more than 700 secondary metabolites have cardiovascular activity

6. Cardio active glycoside Glycosides of various Digitalis species are cardio active Pharmacological activity dependant on aglycone and sugar attachment Sugar increases solubility and fixation of drug molecule to heart muscle Clinical efficacy in congestive heart failure

7. Antihypertensive drugs Hypertension an important factor of cardiovascular disorders 90% is primary hypertension Reserpine obtained from Rauwalfia serpentine recognized as hypotensive in early 1950s Other plant drugs exhibit ACE inhibitory activity

8. Hypolipidaemic drugs High blood cholesterol and triglyceride level is major cause of ischemic heart diseases and atherosclerosis Garlic lowers serum cholesterol level and improves lipid profile by adjusting the HDL:LDL ratio Psylium seed have beneficial effects

9. DRUGS OF GIT Bitters Anticholinergics Emetics Antiemetics Carminatives Ulcer therapy Demulcents

10. continued Laxatives and purgatives Rectal and colonic drugs Antidiarrhoeal drugs

11. The Nasal and Respiratory system Large no. of plant origin medicine Aromatic inhalations Bronchodilators Nasal decongestants Expectorants Cough depressants Demulcents

12. Drugs for liver Liver principal organ for metabolism and excretion Liver diseases classified as liver cirrhosis and hepatitis Most common drug of plant origin is Silibum marinum

13. Drugs of urinary and reproductive systems Diuretics Urinary antiseptics Drugs for uterus Oral contraceptives Drug for male impotence

14. Drugs for sugar metabolism Many plants used as oral hypoglycemic Onion, Aloe, cumin fruit, ginseng etc.

15. Anticancer drugs Vast research on medicinal plants for substances with anticancer activity Clinical trials on Catharanthus and Taxus alkaloid