1. Chapter 24 Office Hours: 12:00~13:00, every Wednesday Reticular Formation 授課老師 : 許鍾瑜 Neuroanatomy, May 14, 2012

2. Objectives: To understand the anatomical features of the reticular formation. To understand the major functions of the reticular formation.

3. Reticular formation of the brainstem: Lateral RF, afferent (parvocellular) Paramedian RF, efferent (magnocellular,gigantocellular)

4. Reticular formation of the brainstem: Serotonergic Dopaminergic

5. Reticular formation of the brainstem: (respiratory rate) (Locus ceruleus) Noradrenergic

6. Functions of the reticular formation conjugate eye movements, chewing movements, Swallowing, vomiting, etc.

7. Locomotor pattern generators (supraspinal control): Pedunculopontine nucleus + cerulean nucleus (mesencephalic part): → central tegmental tract →  Nuclei in pontine RF→ med reticulospinal tr → extensors  Magnocellular neurons (paramedian RF) in medullary RF → lat reticulospinal tr → flexors Cerulean nucleus (noradrenergic) Pedunculopontine nu Figure 17.16 Upper pons

8. Gait controls

9. Higher-level bladder controls: (detrusor) 2 micturition centers in the pons:  "L" center  "M" center Confer Box 13.3 (page159) ( * promote micturition) * * * *

10. Respiratory controls: 3 respiratory centers in the medulla oblongata:  Dorsal respiratory nu. (inspiratory)  Ventral respiratory nu. (expiratory)  medial parabrachial nu. (rate) Figure 24.6 Dorsal respiratory nu. (inspiratory) Lat solitary nu. Ventral respiratory nu. (retroambiguus nu. (expiratory)) Chemosensitive area (Lat RF) chemoreceptors H+H+ Choroid plexus x Figure 24.4

11. Cardiovascular controls: Baroreceptors DMX: dorsal motor nu. of the vagus n. 2 cardiovascular reflexes:  Barovagal  Barosympathetic Depressor center Pressor center (adrenergic, noradrenergic) Figure 24.7

12. Anti-nociceptive pathways:  Segmental  Supraspinal Figure 24.8 Magnus raphe nu. (serotonergic) mechanoreceptive nociceptive Lat spinothalamic tr Spinoreticular tr Ant. spinothalamic tr Enk: Enkephalin (endorphin) (Exert tonic inhibition to PAG at rest) (periaqueductal gray matter) hypothalamus suppresses these inhibitory interneurons under stress.