1. The Cold War, part II

2. America’s Cold War foreign policy: involvement and containment America’s Cold War foreign policy: involvement and containment Containment: halting the spread of Communism around the world Containment: halting the spread of Communism around the world

3. Truman Doctrine Strategy: containment of communism Strategy: containment of communism Provide aid to countries where there is a threat of Communist takeover Provide aid to countries where there is a threat of Communist takeover Truman requested a foreign aid bill to support Greece and Turkey against Communist rebels – the first of many by U.S. government Truman requested a foreign aid bill to support Greece and Turkey against Communist rebels – the first of many by U.S. government

4. European Recovery Europe’s economy and infrastructure devastated after WWII Europe’s economy and infrastructure devastated after WWII Marshall Plan (Truman’s secretary of state) Marshall Plan (Truman’s secretary of state) provide aid (cash) to rebuild the countries of Western and Eastern Europe provide aid (cash) to rebuild the countries of Western and Eastern Europe The Soviet Union and allies refused the money The Soviet Union and allies refused the money U.S. Provided $ billions to the recovering countries U.S. Provided $ billions to the recovering countries (Point Four Aid, is sent to countries around the world) (Point Four Aid, is sent to countries around the world)

5. Factors in European Recovery Skilled work force Skilled work force Strong demand for consumer goods Strong demand for consumer goods Reduction of trade barriers Reduction of trade barriers 1957: European Economic Community (EEC)  European Community  European Union 1957: European Economic Community (EEC)  European Community  European Union Single currency Single currency European Parliament European Parliament

6. Post WWII Crises Berlin airlift (1948): Soviets block goods flowing through East Germany; U.S. Air Force drops supplies into (Allied controlled) West Berlin; Soviets back down Berlin airlift (1948): Soviets block goods flowing through East Germany; U.S. Air Force drops supplies into (Allied controlled) West Berlin; Soviets back down

10. China: Communist revolution 1949 Communist leader Mao Zedong Communist leader Mao Zedong Nationalist leader Chang Kai-shek Nationalist leader Chang Kai-shek Nationalists flee to Taiwan, creating the “Taiwan problem” Nationalists flee to Taiwan, creating the “Taiwan problem”

11. Atomic weapons and arms race Soviet Union, 1949 Soviet Union, 1949 America develops hydrogen bomb, 1952 America develops hydrogen bomb, 1952 Development of long range bombers and ICBM’s: intercontinental ballistic missiles Development of long range bombers and ICBM’s: intercontinental ballistic missiles Nuclear submarines capable of launching SLBM Nuclear submarines capable of launching SLBM Theory of MAD: Mutually Assured Destruction Theory of MAD: Mutually Assured Destruction

12. US and USSR nuclear stockpiles

13. SALT I and SALT II Negotiated during the détente – a period of thawing relations during the Cold War Negotiated during the détente – a period of thawing relations during the Cold War Strategic Arms Limitation Talks during the 1970’s Strategic Arms Limitation Talks during the 1970’s Designed to freeze or reduce the amount of nuclear weapons Designed to freeze or reduce the amount of nuclear weapons

14. Korean War (1950-1953) Korean Peninsula divided at 38th parallel, Soviets occupy North, Americans occupy South Korean Peninsula divided at 38th parallel, Soviets occupy North, Americans occupy South Communist North Koreans invade in June 1950; Communist North Koreans invade in June 1950; U.N. sends soldiers (mainly U.S.) U.N. sends soldiers (mainly U.S.) U.S. never declares war; Truman calls it a “police action” U.S. never declares war; Truman calls it a “police action”

16. Korean War China sends troops to fights against Americans, South Koreans China sends troops to fights against Americans, South Koreans Armistice=cease-fire, 1953: the pre-war line would be honored Armistice=cease-fire, 1953: the pre-war line would be honored U.S. signs treaty with South Korea to defend it from the North U.S. signs treaty with South Korea to defend it from the North 30,000 US troops still guard South Korea at the DMZ 30,000 US troops still guard South Korea at the DMZ