1. Cultural Eutrophication Human inputs of nutrients from the atmosphere and from nearby urban and agricultural areas rapidly accelerating plant growth in lakes Nitrogen and Phosphorus in fertilizer

2. Currents Mass movements of ocean surface water Produced by prevailing winds blowing over surface and Coriolis Effect Redistribute sun’s heat, influence coastal climate Northern hemisphere: clockwise Southern Hemisphere: counterclockwise

3. Mass Extinction The extinction of many species in a relatively short period of geologic time 50-95% species extinct Recovery takes millions of years

4. Nekton Swimming organisms in aquatic systems If it can move itself any which way, it’s a nekton

5. Small, highland land streams that are shallow, cold, clear, and fast Large amounts of dissolved oxygen because of turbulence Low productivity Source Zone

6. Strip Cutting A variation of clear cutting in which a strip of trees is clear-cut along the contour of the land, with the corridor being narrow enough to allow natural regeneration within a few years. After regeneration, another strip is cut, and so on.

7. Thermocline A layer of water in which there is a rapid change in temperature with depth.