1. Overview of recent CO 2 cooling developments As an example for LHCb-Velo and UT cooling? Kick-off meeting 28 may 14 Bart Verlaat 1

2. CO2 cooling overview At CERN 2 on-detector cooling systems are under development. –Atlas IBL CO2 cooling system. 3kW@-40’C Constructed, under commissioning –CMS pixel CO2 cooling system. 15kW@-20’C Under construction, working prototype build Both systems are based on the LHCb-Velo1 2PACL principle –But many new lessons were learned in the development of both Atlas and CMS. –The upgrade cooling of LHCb gets the best out of both. New technologies used: –PVSS/Unicos PLC control (CERN standard for control of cooling systems) –2-stage chiller –Remote head pumps –Vacuum insulation –Off the shelve high pressure components In the LHCb-Velo1 era many high pressure components had to be custom designed. –More connection with industry 2

3. Cooling method used in detector cooling: The 2-Phase Accumulator Controlled Loop (2PACL) 2PACL principle ideal for detector cooling: -Liquid overflow => no mass flow control and good heat transfer -No local evaporator control, evaporator is passive in detector. -System not sensitive for heat load changes -Very stable evaporator temperature control at a distance (P 4-5 ≈ P 7 ) -Large operational temperature range (+20’C to -40’C) Condenser Pump Transfer line (Heat exchanger) Evaporator inside detector (4-5) 2-Phase Accumulator Heat in Detector heat 1 2 3 4 5 6 P7P7 P 4-5 Long distance (50-100m) HFC Chiller Shielding wall Capillaries (3-4) for flow distribution

4. Atlas IBL cooling 14 staves of 70W each connected via concentric 29m long loops to manifolds in the muon area. 100m concentric transfer line from manifolds to plant in service cavern. 2 redundant cooling plants 1 Accumulator with redundant control. Vacuum insulated lines 4

5. 34 DCS: TTa24 - TTn24 EH122 TS122 22 MVa24 - MVn24 04 06 FL018 ⅜” AV017 20 36 BD016 PT116 / PT316 TT116 / TT316 26 32 28 30 Tracking detectors Tile calorie meter LAR calorie meter MV018 MV036 14 IBL staves (a-g),(7 flow pairs) (7x A-›C flow / 7x C-›A flow) Detector boundary Junction box @ Muon Sector 5 (Accessible) Dry volume LAR Cryo area HX036 ½” ¾”x 5 / 16 ” ⅜” Dummy load (testing only) BD020 PT120 / PT320 TT120 / TT320 DCS: TTa28 – TTn28 DCS: TTa30 – TTn30 BD036 PT136 / PT336 TT136 / TT336 MV035 EH117 TT117 TS117 26 28 30 32 HX012 FL017 MV017 Manifold box (S5) 08 USA-15 USX-15 DN40 vacuum Vacuum system (LAR Cryo area) DN40 ⅜” ¼” ½” BV,28-01-2014 Transfer tubes (~92m) CO2: 10x1mm inside 21.3x2.11mm outside 16 A200 A100 B400 B300 C042 D012 TTz20 (DCS) 24 TTz36 (DCS)

6. AC042 LP101 vent evacuate 6 8 FT106 ⅜” EH106 TT106 TS106 EH101 / EH102 / EH103 TT101 / TT102 / TT103 TS101 / TS102 / TS103 PT101 / PT102 / PT103 HX150 CO 2 system A 100 labels LT142 LT342 FT306 FL304 ⅜” FL306 VP056 50 40 12 44 46 48 PV110 PT150/ TT150/ SC150 ¼” BD108 PT108 TT108 CO 2 from experiment CO 2 to experiment 42 PT142 PV108 PV144 HX148 TT148 BD148 SV042 SV043 MV042 FL144 MV041 TT146 AV108 Freon chiller A 200 CO 2 system B 300 labels 10 LP101 EH301 / EH302 / EH303 TT301 / TT302 / TT303 TS301 / TS302 / TS303 PT301 / PT302 / PT303 4 FL344 PT304 TT304 MV306 6 8 EH306 TT306 TS306 BD308 PT308 TT308 AV308 PV308 PV310 PV344 46 TT346 HX350 HX348 LP301 Fill port nc no nc no nc MV050 MV054 MV052 MV056 BD054 PT054 EV148 EV348 nc 50 PT350/ TT350/ SC350 SV040 MV040 SV041 BD012 10 MV058 NV110 MV110 MV310 nc CV142 nc CV342 nc Cold CO2 line Cold R404a line Warm service line (Cold lines require 32mm insulation) no NV310 no ¼” ½” 48 TT348 BD348 Freon chiller B 400 MV043 PT342 BV, 28-01-2014 PT040 PT042 PT056 PRC142 controlling CV142, EH142/143 (PT142 & SC150) PRC342 controlling CV342, EH342/143 (PT342 & SC350) PT050 PT058 no FL104 4 PT104 TT104 nc FL106 Fill port MV106 EH142/143 TT142/143 TS142/143 FL042 EH342/343 TT342/343 TS342/343 MV012 MV039 AV012

7. cooling water R404A 2-stage compressor GP250 AC042 CV205 48 GP246GP248 PS250 MV202 SG202 TT248 PT248 SR248 HX208 HX205 Air cooled condenser AC210 2 HX201 HX216 HX212 MV222 MV224 MV246 MV228 MV230 4 BR234 PRC234 (PT234) 12 16 38 22 26 28 30 34 36 TT202 AC202 NV202 AC244 HX220 / HX244 CV222 SHC224 (SH224) CV238 PRC244 (PT244) TX212 PT224 TT224 SH224 PT244 & PT250 TT244 SH244 24 TT206 6 8 TT210 10 TT220 TT218 18 20 44 14 TT242 42 TT228 TT246 46 MV248 MV210 SG216 FL216 HX142 / HX230 HX226 HX348 HX150 7/8”7/8” 28 ½” ⅜” ½” ¼” ⅜” ½” ⅜” ½” ⅜” ½” ¼” ½” 28 nc no HX206 / HX207 chiller A (200 series) BV, 19-11-2013 TX226 EV348 MV226 CV142 PRC142 (PT142&SC150) no MV208 ⅜” SR206 ½” PT234 EV208 PT142 GP250 PRC250 (PT250) 32 TT232 MV232 CO 2 A rack CO 2 B rack CO 2 Accumulator rack PT208 TT208 CV240 SHC244 (SH244) 40 HX222 nc EV206 FL212 SG212 SG210 SV210 PT202 EH250 FL244 EV212

8. IBL CO 2 cooling Hardware status 8 Needed for system commissioning via dummy load Needed after IBL installation Plant & control @ USA-15 Installed Transfer line USA-UX, Installed Transfer line in detector, Installed Junction box in sector 5, Installed Vacuum system, Installed Manifold box Installed Under installation

9. Plants @ USA15 L3 9

10. Plant B and accu rack 10 R404a 2-stage chiller CO 2 unit Accumulator unit

11. IBL R404a 2-stage chiller unit 11 Front side with control cabinet and air condenser Back side with piping Electronic cabinet Frequency inverter Air condenser 2-stage compressor Water cooling Freon connections

12. CO 2 unit 12 Front side with foam boxBack side components CO 2 pipes Pump foam box Pump pallet CO 2 pump Flow meter 3kW heater Valve Back-up cooling Main cooling

13. Accumulator unit 13 Back side with accumulator and piping Front side maintenance control box Maintenance box Accumulator vessel Vacuum pump Service valves Cooling Heaters Level probes

14. Vacuum transfer line status 14 Plant Side UX15

15. Junction installation 15 3kW dummy load heater Manual valves

16. Flexible vacuum insulated lines=> cooling loop routing is like cabling Concentric pipes 11 m long concentric lines 1.6x0.3 inside 4x0.5mm tube. Vacuum shield 17mm flex hose Bending radius >10cm Up to 300 Watt tested

17. Pressurization of the system Cooldown -40’C set- point reached 1kW 2kW 3kW -35’C setpoint In current configuration is 3kW to much for -40’C operation, unable to hold set-point (green line) Commissioning results – cooling starts

18. Capable of maintaining set point from 0 to 3kW 0W 500W 1000W 1500W 2000W 2500W 0W Compressor at full speed, temperature of liquid increases Margin of sub cooling must be maintained. >10’C for safe operation Chiller temperature and CO2 liquid Junction box temperature Commissioning results SP = -35’C operation

19. New Pixel detector for CMS to arrive in 2016 15 kW total cooling power @ -20°C One full scale mock up of the system ready in 2013 @ TIF Full cooling system at P5 end of 2014 CMS pixel cooling 125 M silicon pixels (x2 compared to present detector)  4 Barrel layers  3 Forward discs on each side

20. 20 2 kW 12.5 kW 12 kW 10 kW 8 kW 6 kW 4 kW 13 kW -20 degC setpoint BPR Manually opened to 100% Pump Stopped because of too low subcooling Manifold Inlet Temp Manifold Return Temp Accu Tsat Dummy load Heater1 Temp Dummy load Heater2 Temp Pump Subcooling Pump Suction Temp Return Temp before HEX

21. Possible development path for LHCb (IBL model) 21 Velo UT Conceptual design suitable for both detectors Requirements Cooling loop design feedback / define interfaces P&ID Functional Analyses / DCS interface System design Plant / transfer lines / On detector hardware Electronics design System construction Electronics construction Pre-commissioning Full system commissioning 1.Each blue box will be represented by a live document, constantly updated until commissioning is finished. 2.Each green arrow is typically a review

22. IBL cooling requirements 22 Conclusion: –A CO 2 system with an evaporator capacity of 1.5kW, operational from +20°C to -40°C –Accessible manifolds –Redundant cooling plant –Fail safe operational during back-out (blow system) https://edms.cern.ch/document/1204776/1

23. Typical IBL documents 23 1.P&I document https://edms.cern.ch/file/1233482/2/PID_document28jan14_EDMS1233482v3.pdfhttps://edms.cern.ch/file/1233482/2/PID_document28jan14_EDMS1233482v3.pdf 2.Functional analyses https://edms.cern.ch/file/1233462/1/Functional_Analysis_IBL_CCS_v1.3.pdfhttps://edms.cern.ch/file/1233462/1/Functional_Analysis_IBL_CCS_v1.3.pdf 3.DCS interface https://edms.cern.ch/file/1233464/4/Control_interface_between_CCS_and_DCS.pdfhttps://edms.cern.ch/file/1233464/4/Control_interface_between_CCS_and_DCS.pdf 4.Electrical schematics https://edms.cern.ch/file/1352063/1/IBL_A_04.pdfhttps://edms.cern.ch/file/1352063/1/IBL_A_04.pdf

24. Next steps Hopefully after todays kick-off meeting a picture can be shaped what would be the best approach for a common development of the Velo and UT cooling systems It is important that both the Velo abnd UT are writing down their requirements. Close interaction is needed between the groups (Velo/ UT / Cooling) is needed such that the on detector cooling loops are designed according to typical cooling system behavior. 24