1. The First Americans

2. Essential Questions How did civilizations develop in the United States? How did civilizations develop in the United States? How did the geography and climate of the United States affect Native Americans? How did the geography and climate of the United States affect Native Americans? How did early people in the Americas adapt to their environment? How did early people in the Americas adapt to their environment?

3. Key Terms LESSON 1: Ancestor Ancestor Theory Theory Migration Migration Artifact Artifact Civilization Civilization Tradition Tradition Division of labor Longhouse Wampum Wigwam Scarce Tepee Council Ceremony Adapt Surplus Adobe Harpoon Clan Economy barter Potlatch Kayak igloo

4. Advancements in Ancient Civilizations MAYAN MAYAN  A.D.250-A.D.900  Developed 365-day calendar  Used cacao beans as a type of money  Developed the first system of numbers in the Americas (included zero)  Hieroglyphics

5. Advancements in Ancient Civilizations AZTEC AZTEC  1325-1521  Built the island capital Tenochtitlan  Built floating gardens Irrigation? Irrigation?  Established a rigid class system All classes EXCEPT nobles paid tribute All classes EXCEPT nobles paid tribute  Human Sacrifice

6. Advancements in Ancient Civilizations INCAN INCAN  1438-1533  Constructed 10,000 mile road system  Developed largest empire in the Americas  Government owned ALL food grown by farmers.  Armies throughout empire to maintain peace  First to develop brain surgery  Known for weaving and metal work  Rulers wore gold & silver jewelry

7. The Land Bridge The first Americans arrived in North America during last Ice Age between 10 and 100 thousand years ago The first Americans arrived in North America during last Ice Age between 10 and 100 thousand years ago

8. Glaciers made sea level fall and a land bridge formed between Asia and North America

9. First Americans were hunters in search of better hunting grounds

10. Over thousands of years they spread throughout North America, Central America, and South America

11. Global Warming About 12,000 years ago, oceans rose and the land bridge vanished About 12,000 years ago, oceans rose and the land bridge vanished

12. New Americans adapted to new climates

13. Studying the Evidence Archaeologists study artifacts Archaeologists study artifacts Objects made by humans Objects made by humans Stone tools Stone tools Weapons Weapons Carvings Carvings

14. Artifacts help us learn about the cultures, or way of life of ancient people Artifacts help us learn about the cultures, or way of life of ancient people

15. Geography determines the way people live Geography determines the way people live

16. The People of North America

21. The People of the North The world of the Inuits, meaning “Humans” Others called them Eskimos, meaning “Eaters of Raw Meat” The world of the Inuits, meaning “Humans” Others called them Eskimos, meaning “Eaters of Raw Meat”

22. The Inuit settled in the Arctic and Sub Arctic The Inuit settled in the Arctic and Sub Arctic Lived along Coastal Plains Lived along Coastal Plains Climate was harsh Climate was harsh Frozen seas Frozen seas Ice and snow Ice and snow High winds High winds Treeless Treeless

23. Adaptations— Adaptations— Nomadic life style Nomadic life style Lived near coast in igloos in winter Lived near coast in igloos in winter Diet almost entirely of seal meat Diet almost entirely of seal meat

24. Moved inland in summer with shelters of skins to hunt caribou and fish Moved inland in summer with shelters of skins to hunt caribou and fish

25. Used driftwood and animal fat for fuel Used driftwood and animal fat for fuel Religion: Animal worship Religion: Animal worship

26. People of the Northwest Coast People of the Northwest Coast

27. The world of the Tlingit The world of the Tlingit These people settled in the Coastal Forests These people settled in the Coastal Forests

28. Climate was favorable Climate was favorable Plentiful food and supplies Plentiful food and supplies Fish from the sea Fish from the sea Deer, Moose, and Bears provided food and hides Deer, Moose, and Bears provided food and hides Forest provided materials for shelter Forest provided materials for shelter

29. Adaptations— Adaptations— Permanent homes Permanent homes Trade with other groups Trade with other groups

30. Families achieved status by holding a Potlatch and giving away gifts Families achieved status by holding a Potlatch and giving away gifts

31. Religion: Animal worship. People built Totem Poles Religion: Animal worship. People built Totem Poles

32. People of the South West

33. The world of the Navajos and Anasazis The world of the Navajos and Anasazis

34. These people settled in the deserts and basins These people settled in the deserts and basins Climate: Warm and Dry year round Climate: Warm and Dry year round Very few trees Very few trees Few large animals Few large animals

35. Adaptations— Adaptations— Adobe shelters of mud and stone Adobe shelters of mud and stone Anasazis built cliff dwellings Anasazis built cliff dwellings

36. Roads connected villages which led to exchange of goods and ideas Roads connected villages which led to exchange of goods and ideas

37. Way of life was farming. Used system of irrigation to water crops. Way of life was farming. Used system of irrigation to water crops.

38. Religion: Spirits of wind, rain, and thunder Religion: Spirits of wind, rain, and thunder

39. People of the Great Plains

40. World of the Sioux, Cheyenne, and Blackfoot World of the Sioux, Cheyenne, and Blackfoot

41. These people settled in the vast grasslands from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains These people settled in the vast grasslands from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains

42. Climate: Hot and dry in summer, cold and snow in winter Climate: Hot and dry in summer, cold and snow in winter

43. Few trees Few trees

44. Thousands of acres of grass Thousands of acres of grass

45. Large herds of grazing animals— Large herds of grazing animals— Antelope Antelope Elk Elk Deer Deer Buffalo Buffalo

46. Adaptations— Adaptations— Hunters and gatherers Hunters and gatherers Arrival of the horse changed their life Arrival of the horse changed their life

47. Prior to the horse, hunting was difficult Prior to the horse, hunting was difficult

48. The horse allowed hunters to keep up with the running herds

49. Nomadic life style almost exclusively hunters following the migrating buffalo Nomadic life style almost exclusively hunters following the migrating buffalo

50. Homes of hides and poles called tepees

51. Religion: Believed in a “Great Spirit” with ceremonies linked to the hunt

52. How to hunt buffalo… Give a step-by-step description of how to hunt buffalo in the Great Plains. 1. Your description should be no less than 7 steps. 2. Your description must also include a picture of a buffalo You may use your textbook pgs. 70-75

53. People of the Eastern Woodlands

54. World of the Iroquois and Algonquians World of the Iroquois and Algonquians They were grouped together because their languages were similar. They were grouped together because their languages were similar.

55. These people settled in the forest and meadows These people settled in the forest and meadows

56. Climate: Moderate year round Climate: Moderate year round Food was plentiful Food was plentiful Forest provided food, and building materials Forest provided food, and building materials

57. Adaptations— Adaptations— Shelters called longhouses made of poles and bark Shelters called longhouses made of poles and bark

58. The Longhouse

59. Lifestyle was semi-nomadic. Villages moved every 10 to 20 years Lifestyle was semi-nomadic. Villages moved every 10 to 20 years

60. Men hunters and women farmers. The “3 Sisters”, squash, beans, and corn Men hunters and women farmers. The “3 Sisters”, squash, beans, and corn

61. Women owned all the property and selected the tribal leaders Women owned all the property and selected the tribal leaders

62. Men moved into wife’s family at marriage Men moved into wife’s family at marriage

63. Many groups lived in this region Formed alliance Formed alliance Very war like Very war like The League of the Iroquois The League of the Iroquois Mohawk Mohawk Seneca Seneca Onondaga Onondaga Cayuga Cayuga Oneida Oneida Tuscarora (later) Tuscarora (later)

64. The League of the Iroquois Mohawk Mohawk Seneca Seneca Onondaga Onondaga Cayuga Cayuga Oneida Oneida Tuscarora (later) Tuscarora (later)

65. The Algonquians The Algonquians Opposed the Iroquois Opposed the Iroquois Algonquians included— Algonquians included— Wappingers Wappingers Delawares (Lenni Lenape) Delawares (Lenni Lenape) And Mohicans And Mohicans

66. Religion: Worshipped the “Spirit Twins.” Spirits of the forest (bad) and of the clearings (good) Religion: Worshipped the “Spirit Twins.” Spirits of the forest (bad) and of the clearings (good)