1. http://www.wellesley.edu/Chemistry/chem227/nucleicfunction/cancer/cancergrowth.gif The Development of Cancer

2. http://www.wellesley.edu/Chemistry/chem227/nucleicfunction/cancer/cancer.html

4. http://www.medicinenet.com/images/illustrations/butterfly_rash.jpg

9. The Limbic System

11. Blood-Brain Barrier http://psych.unn.ac.uk/users/nick/BBBpp08/img009.jpg

19. What triggers Na+ channel opening? Mechanical (or physical) stimuli Eg: heat, pressure, vibration, etc. Called mechanically gated Na+ channels Found in sensory neurons Binding of neurotransmitter to a receptor Allows signal to move from neuron to neuron Called ligand-gated Na+ channels Found on interneurons and efferent neurons The opening of these types of sodium channels causes a graded potential, which has variable shape and size depending on the strength of the stimulus.

21. What triggers Na+ channel opening? (continued) A change in the membrane potential If the sum of the graded potentials caused by mechanical- or ligand-gated channels is sufficient to depolarize the neuron to threshold, then a large number of voltage-gated sodium channels will open, causing an action potential. The action potential then leads to the release of neurotransmitter, allowing communication between neurons.

25. Myelin speeds the rate of neurotransmission, and reduces the energy consumption of neurons

27. http://www.drugdevelopment-technology.com/projects/rasagiline/rasagiline1.html

29. Major Neurotransmitters Small Molecules Neuropeptides Acetylcholine Nitric Oxide Biogenic Amines Epinephrine Norepineprine Dopamine Serotonin Histamine Amino Acids Glutamate  Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Glycine Aspartate Homocysteine Taurine Nucleotides Adenosine Adenosine triphosphate Hypothalamic Releasing Hormones Corticotrophic Releasing Hormone Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone Pituitary Peptides ß endorphins Oxytoxin Vasopressin Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Growth Hormone Gastrointestinal Peptides Secretin Substance P Insulin Gastrin Neurotensin Somatostatin Cholecystokinin Others Angiotensin Bradykinin Neuropeptide Y Calcitonin