1.  Chp 1

2.  Define housing and briefly describe how it has evolved  Analyze the basic physical and psychological needs that housing satisfies.  Compare and contrast housing needs among people of different ages and lifestyles.  Assess the importance of building homes that follow the concept of universal design.

3.  Home provides a safe environment in which to live  Housing is any structure built for people to live in.  Three basic types: o Natural o Portable o Permanent

4.  Used whatever the land had to offer. o Caves, rocks, cliffs, pits or holes  Archaeologists – scientists who study history through the relics and remains of old civilizations.  Found homes were often clustered around water, sources of food or locations people could protect or defend.  Early towns/villages formed to meet needs of food and protection

5. Primitive people survived by hunting, fishing and gathering wild fruits.  Had to move frequently to be near new sources of food  Devised shelters to be taken apart, transported and reassembled at next location.  Material were bone, wood, animal skins or grasses. Tepees  Nomads are people who wander from place to place in search of food for their grazing herds.  Yurts are transportable circular dwellings made of thick wool felt covering a wooden frame.

6.  Development of farming, people did not have to continually move to find food.  Shelters depended upon materials available nearby.  As agricultural methods improved granaries came about. Store and preserve surplus grain. Began building shelters for possessions.  People who fished settled along shores of rivers or lakes.

7.  Largely based on standing in the community.  Wealthy and powerful lived in stately, elaborate dwellings.  Became important to select a good defensive site – hilltop, mountainside or cliff. Castles, moats and high battlements were security features.

8.  Homes of the rich in earlier times were not always comfortable o Cold and drafty o Little light from windows only

9.  Physical Needs – all things the body needs to survive: air, sunlight, shelter, sleep and food o Shelter – elements of nature have influenced how people build their houses o Northeast: cold snowy winters so houses have low ceilings to contain heat, steep roofs to shed snow. o Southwestern: thick clay walls and flat roof of timber and clay tiles – keeps interior cool.

10. Sleep – Japanese have sliding paper screens to separate rooms – sleep on padded quilts on the floor. Food – Indonesian homes living rooms serve a kitchen. United States – social occasions and holidays focus around meals. Safety & Security – one reason homes were grouped together. Fences, locks etc

11.  Psychological needs: needs related to thoughts and emotions.  Include the need to feel a sense of identity and express oneself o Love & belonging – home is primary setting for family – children first learn to interact w/others. Small towns – know everyone “Planned Communities” sense of neighborhood – roomy front porches for visiting.

12. o Privacy: people need contact, also need alone time. Bathrooms and sleeping areas. Privacy can be arranged through furniture selection & arrangement. o Home offices on the rise –specific place to conduct business o Identity: people’s tastes, values, attitudes and personalities show others who they are and determine how they live their lives. o Lifestyle or way of living influences choice of housing. People choose housing that reflects their values.

13.  Creativity: pioneers were creative in building housing.  We now decide on colors of paint, furnishings, furniture arrangements  Space for hobbies

14.  Housing needs are influenced by the stages in life.  Not uncommon for people to move a number of times.  Family Life Cycle: stages of life from infancy to old age. beginning, expanding, developing, launching, retiring.  Disabilities creates new housing needs

15.  Universal design: designing homes to fit people with a wide variety of physical needs and abilities. o Lever type doorknobs o Counters of varying heights. o Adjustable shelving/closets o Ground level entrance

16.  One challenge is to continue expanding universal design.  Make better housing available to low and middle income families.  Develop housing that relates to natural and social environment (taking care of natural resources & locating close to conveniences)

17. The major external and uncontrollable factors that influence an organization's decision making, and affect its performance and strategies. These factors include the economic factors; demographics; legal, political, and social conditions; technological changes; and natural forces.