1. Ethan Goode The Impacts of Chronic Pain Texas Tech University

2. Thesis The purpose of this literature review is to synthesize trends over the patients’ attitudes, the relationship between chronic pain and psychological pain, and medications versus psychological treatment.

3. Patients’ attitude Depressed attitudes lead to more difficulty- Carolyn Spence Cagle Optimistic outlook has positive feedback- Clarke and Iphofen

4. Relation between chronic pain and psychological symptoms Psychological symptoms of patients are unrelated to physical symptoms of chronic pain. Janice Breen Psychological and physical symptoms are in fact related to one another. Bullington et al and Mary H. Wilde

5. Medical treatment vs. pain management Medical treatment causes unwanted symptoms. Walker et al. and Carson, Gail Pain management instead of medical treatment. Kugelmann and Mary H. Wilde

6. Conclusion Although these appear the tendencies on current research there are several growing concepts on chronic pain that are changing. So these growing concepts may be applied to the nursing field in the future and perhaps it will help patients in the battle of chronic pain.

7. Work Cited Breen, Janice. "Transitions in the Concept of Chronic Pain." Advances in Nursing Science 24.4 (2002): 48-49. Academic search complete. Web. 21 jun. 2014 Bullington, Jennifer, et al. “Meaning Out of Chaos: A Way to Understand Chronic Pain.” Scandinavian journal of caring sciences 17.4 (2003): 325-331. Academic search complete. Web. 22 jun. 2014 Cagle, Carolyn Spence. “Chronic Pain Affected the Way Individuals Viewed Their Bodies, Their Relationship with Others, and Their Sense of Time.” Evidence Based Nursing 4.3 (2001): 94-94. Academic search complete. Web. 21 jun. 2014 Carson, M. Gail, and Gail J. Mitchell. “The experience of living with persistent pain.” Journal of Advanced Nursing 28.6 (1998): 1242-1248. Academic search complete. Web. 21 jun. 2014 Clarke, Kathryn A., and Ron Iphofen. “Accepting pain management or seeking pain cure: An exploration of patients’ attitudes to chronic pain.” Pain Management Nursing 8.2 (2007): 102-110. Academic search complete. Web. 22 jun. 2014 Kugelmann, Robert. “Complaining about chronic pain.” Social Science & Medicine 49.12 (1999): 1663-1676. Academic search complete. Web. 21 jun. 2014 Walker, Jan, Immy Holloway, and Beatrice Sofaer. “In the system: the lived experience of chronic back pain from the perspectives of those seeking help from pain clinics.” Pain 80.3 (1999): 621-628. Academic search complete. Web. 22 jun. 2014 Wilde, Mary H. “Embodied knowledge in chronic illness and injury.” Nursing Inquiry 10.3 (2003): 170-176. Academic search complete. Web. 23 jun. 2014