1. Mirrors

2. Types of mirror There are two types of mirror Plane (flat) Curved Concave (curves in) Convex (curves out)

3. Plane Mirrors The image is Virtual (cannot be formed on a screen) Laterally inverted Upright The same distance behind the mirror as the object is in front of the mirror

4. Convex Mirrors The image is Virtual (cannot be formed on a screen) Diminished (smaller) Upright

5. Convex Mirrors Convex mirrors diverge parallel rays of light The principal focus is always behind the mirror They have a wide field of view

6. Concave Mirrors For distant objects the image is Real (can be formed on a screen) Inverted Diminished (For near objects the image is upright, magnified and virtual)

7. Concave Mirrors Concave mirrors converge parallel rays of light towards a principal focus inside the mirror

8. Lenses

9. Lenses are shaped pieces of glass which can be used to change the way we see things. Different types of lenses have different uses.

10. Converging lenses

11. Focus point - converging

12. Converging lens Parallel rays of light are refracted through the principal focus of a convex lens. The distance from the principal focus to the centre of the lens is called the focal length.

13. Images The image from a converging lens is: Inverted Real (can be projected on a screen)

14. Uses of converging lenses The use of a converging lens depends on the nature of the image. The image depends on where the object is placed in relation to the lens Uses include cameras, the eye, projectors, magnifiers, specs, telescopes etc.

15. Ray diagrams - camera Image is: Inverted Diminished Real

16. Ray diagrams – Projector Image is: Inverted Magnified Real

17. Ray diagrams - magnifier Image is: Upright Magnified Virtual

18. Diverging lens

19. Focus point - diverging

20. Images The image from a diverging lens is: Upright Virtual Diminished