1. Canada’s Response to WW1

2. World Leaders Canada – PM Robert Borden Great Britain – PM David Lloyd George France – PM Georges Clemenceau Russia – Czar Nicholas II United States – President Woodrow Wilson Germany – Kaiser Wilhelm II Austria-Hungary – Emperor Franz Joseph

3. Canada Enters the War Britain still controlled Canada’s foreign policy When Britain declared war on Germany, Canada was included automatically Most English Canadians supported the war because of patriotic feelings towards the British Empire French Canadians were not so enthusiastic in their support.

4. Enlistment Prime Minister Borden promised 25,000 troops 30,000 Canadians enlisted in the first month Reasons: British patriotism, adventure, honour, travel, a job Women – Supporting roles; nurses or ambulance drivers Minorities – at first not allowed to enlist; eventually accepted

5. Recruitment

9. A National Identity Emerges When Canada joined the war, its army swelled from 3,000 to 30,000 soldiers. Young men from all over Canada went to Camp Valcartier, Quebec training centre Brought Canadians together, developed unity and identity Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF) Fought as an independent unit during the War

11. Minister of Militia Sam Hughes - Minister of Militia Gave manufacturing contracts to friends (war profiteers) Issued $170 million in contracts only $5.5 million dollars in shells were produced Poor quality equipment and supplies (ex. Ross rifle) Behind schedule Fired in 1916 after being knighted by George V

12. War Measures Act Prime Minister Borden introduced the War Measures Act in 1914. A law meant to ensure “security, defence, peace, order, and welfare of Canada”

13. War Measures Act Gave government immense control over the country  Business, transportation, manufacturing, trade, production, etc.  Limit civil liberties (ex. habeas corpus suspended)  “Enemy aliens”: recent immigrants from Germany and Austria-Hungary could be deported or imprisoned  Carry special ID cards and report regularly to registration officers  Over 8000 held in internment camps  Mail censored  Publications in “enemy” languages banned

14. WW1 Interment Camp: Vernon, B.C 1914-1920