1. Evaluation of ES-2 by the Occupant Safety Research Partnership of USCAR presented by Annette L. Irwin representing the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers and the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d ’ Automobiles

2. Background Occupant Safety Research Partnership of USCAR Conducted Tests with ES-2 –Full-Scale Vehicle Tests –Biofidelity Tests of ISO TR 9790 Results Published in 46th Stapp –Byrnes, et al., “ ES-2 Dummy Biomechanical Responses, ” Paper 2002-22-0018

3. Purpose To Evaluate –Modifications from EuroSID-1 to ES-2 –Biofidelity –Left-to-Right Symmetry –Repeatability –Reproducibility

4. Full-Scale Testing FMVSS 214 Configuration at 54 km/h 2 Small Sedans –EuroSID-1 Driver & Left Rear Passenger –ES-2 Driver & Left Rear Passenger 2 Large Sedans –EuroSID-1 Driver & Left Rear Passenger –ES-2 Driver & Left Rear Passenger

5. Results of Full-Scale Testing With Small Sedan EuroSID-1 Exhibited Rib Binding ES-2 Did Not Exhibit Rib Binding ES-2 Exhibited Rib Oscillation

6. Results of Full-Scale Testing With Large Sedan EuroSID-1 Exhibited Pubic “ Noise ” Spike ES-2 Did Not Exhibit Pubic “ Noise ” Spike

7. Biofidelity Testing ISO TR 9790 (1999) –23 Drop, Pendulum & Sled Tests –Assess Biofidelity of the Head, Neck, Shoulder, Thorax, Abdomen, and Pelvis –3 to 6 Repeat Tests Conducted –Some Tests Conducted on Both Sides –Some Tests Conducted on Two Different ES-2 Dummies

8. Results of Biofidelity Testing Head Test 1 – 200 mm Drop onto Rigid Surface

9. 0 50 100 150 200 Pk. Resultant Head Accel. (G) Corridor ES-2

10. Results of Biofidelity Testing Neck Test 2 – 6.7 G Sled Test

11. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Pk. Flexion Angle (degrees) Corridor ES-2

12. Results of Biofidelity Testing Shoulder Test 3 – 12.2 G Sled Test Corridor ES-2 0 5 10 15 20 25 Pk. Lateral T1 Accel. (G)

13. Results of Biofidelity Testing Thorax Test 2 – 6.7 m/s Rigid Pendulum Impact 1020304050 Time (ms) 0 2 4 6 8 0 Pendulum Force (kN) Corridor ES-2

14. Results of Biofidelity Testing Abdomen Test 1 - 1 m Drop onto Rigid Armrest 01020304050 Time (ms) 0 2 4 6 8 10 Armrest Force (kN) Corridor ES-2

15. Results of Biofidelity Testing Pelvis Test 1 - 6 m/s Rigid Pendulum Corridor 0 2 4 6 8 Pk. Pendulum Force (kN) ES-2

16. Results of Biofidelity Testing ES-2 Ratings by Body Region Unacceptable Marginal Fair Good Excellent Neck Shldr. Thorax Abd. Pelvis Overall 0 2 4 6 8 10 Biofidelity Rating Head ES-2

17. ES-2 Biofidelity Compared to EuroSID-1 Unacceptable Marginal Fair Good Excellent 0 2 4 6 8 10 Biofidelity Rating Head Neck Shldr. Thorax Abd. Pelvis Overall EuroSID-1 ES-2 ES-2 Exhibits Degraded Biofidelity of the Neck Shoulder Thorax

18. Results of Biofidelity Testing Reproducibility Concerns – 8.9 m/s Sled 0 2 4 6 8 010203040 Time (ms) Abdomen Force (kN) Corridor TC ES-2 NHTSA ES-2

19. Results of Biofidelity Testing Reproducibility Concerns – 6.8 m/s Sled 2 Tests With NHTSA ES-2 Dummy 4 Tests With TC ES-2 Dummy

20. Results of Biofidelity Testing Reproducibility Concerns – 6.8 m/s Sled 28% Difference in Peak Pelvic Acceleration Between NHTSA and TC Dummies

21. Results of Biofidelity Testing Overall Biofidelity Rated Only Fair –Neck, Shoulder & Thorax Were Less Biofidelic Than EuroSID-1 Repeatability Acceptable Left-to-Right Symmetry Acceptable Reproducibility Not Acceptable

22. ES-2 Biofidelity Compared to WorldSID Thorax Test 2 – 6.7 m/s Rigid Pendulum Impact 01020304050 Time (ms) 0 2 4 6 8 Pendulum Force (kN) Corridor ES-2 WorldSID prototype

23. ES-2 Biofidelity Compared to WorldSID Abdomen Test 1 - 1 m Drop onto Rigid Armrest 01020304050 Time (ms) 0 2 4 6 8 10 Armrest Force (kN) Corridor ES-2 WorldSID prototype

24. ES-2 Biofidelity Compared to WorldSID Pelvis Tests 1 & 2 – Rigid Pendulum Impacts 4681012 Pendulum Velocity (m/s) 0 5 10 15 20 Pendulum Force (kN) ES-2 Corridor WorldSID prototype

25. ES-2 Biofidelity Compared to WorldSID Unacceptable Marginal Fair Good Excellent WorldSID prototype ES-2 Head Neck Shldr. Thorax Abd. Pelvis Overall 0 2 4 6 8 10 Biofidelity Rating

26. Conclusions Rib Binding Was Not Observed in Limited Tests With ES-2 Pubic “Noise” Spikes Were Not Observed in Limited Tests With ES-2 Rib Oscillations Were Observed With ES-2

27. Conclusions - continued Overall ES-2 Was Not Biofidelic –Rated Only Fair Repeatability, Left-to-Right Symmetry, and Durability Were Acceptable Reproducibility Was Not Acceptable Every Body Region of ES-2 is Less Biofidelic Than WorldSID Prototype

28. Acknowledgments Transport Canada –Providing ES-2 Dummy –Conducting Tests & Providing Data NHTSA –Providing ES-2 Dummy –Conducting Tests & Providing Data