2. 1861-1865 “War does not determine who is right, only who is left.” –Bertrand Russell

3. 1860 Election AAbraham Lincoln elected President FFirst Republican to become president WWon less than 40% of the vote ““Government cannot endure permanently half slave, half free”

4.  December 20, 1860  South Carolina secedes from the Union  Within two months Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas also seceded in that order

5. The Confederate States of America February 9, 1861 Jefferson Davis becomes president of the CSA Lincoln sworn in March 4 th

6. Ft. Sumter  After secession, Confederate soldiers began taking over forts in the South  One of these was Ft. Sumter in Charleston, S.C.  Lincoln had two choices  Attack the South and start hostilities  Do nothing and let the fort fall into Confederate hands.  Lincoln simply ordered the fort to be resupplied with food

7. Fort Sumter NNow the decision was left to the South AApril 12, 1861 the South opened fire with 50 cannons TThe Civil War began

8. Union and Confederate Resources

9. April 15, 1861  President Lincoln issues a Proclamation calling for 75,000 militiamen  Robert E. Lee was offered command of the Union Army, he declined

11. April 17, 1861 BBecause of Ft. Sumter 4 border states secede CConfederacy=11 States, population 9 million UUnion = 21 states, population 20 million

13. First Bull Run  July 1861: Under General Irvin McDowell, at Bull Run 25 miles southwest of Washington, the Union Army is defeated by General Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson.  Union army falls back to Washington.  The Confederates fail to attack the capital

15. July 27, 1861  Lincoln appoints George B. McClellan to replace McDowell as Union Commander

16.  Ironclad ships could splinter wooden ships, withstand cannon fire, and resist burning  The two most famous ironclads of the war were the Merrimack (Confederate) and the Monitor (Union)  The two ships fought off Norfolk, VA in March of 1862  Wooden ships were now obsolete, naval warfare is thus changed forever

17. Antietam September 17, 1862 Lee is stopped by McClellan at Antietam, Maryland By nightfall 26,000 are dead Lee withdraws to Virginia The bloodiest day in American history Lincoln replaces McClellan with General Burnside and says that McClellan has “a case of the slows”

20. 1863 January 1 st, Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation –F–Frees slaves in areas still in rebellion to the Union –A–Allows African Americans to fight in the military –T–The war is now considered to be about slavery Conscription-Congress enacts a draft of 20-45 year old males –D–Draft riots occur

22. Gettysburg –Best known battle of the Civil War –July 1-3, 1863-Gettysburg, PA –Turning point in the North- July of 1863. –Before Gettysburg, 1863 had gone very well for the South –Lee and the Confederate forces would never again regain the offensive

23. Gettysburg  The battle would last three days and produced staggering losses of more than 50,000 men killed or wounded.  NC lost more than any other state.  Corpses of men and horses lay rotting everywhere in the July heat.  The Gettysburg Address was given a few months later to honor the dead. - Gave the war a moral cause!! Four Score and seven years ago…

26. Vicksburg  Ulysses S. Grant takes over and Union commander  Grant ordered the attack of Vicksburg Mississippi in an effort to allow the Union complete control of the Mississippi River.  Turning Point in the South  Food supplies ran so low that men were forced to eat dogs and mules.  The city finally fell on July 4, 1863 and the Union army gained complete control of the Mississippi River.

28. Lincoln wins re-election!!!  Lincoln is re-elected President defeating McClellan winning all but three states and 55% of the popular vote.

29. Sherman’s March to the Sea  Sherman believed in total war- fighting not only armies, but civilian populations as well  Sherman occupied the city of Atlanta on September 2, 1864.  From there he marched southeast to the city of Savannah creating a wide path of destruction through the state of Georgia.  He arrived in Savannah around Christmas burning almost everything in his path.

31. Surrender at Appomattox  Lee and Grant met to arrange a Confederate surrender on April 9, 1865 in a Virginia village called Appomattox Court House.  Grant pardoned all Lee’s soldiers and sent them home with all of their possessions.  Finally, after four long years, the Civil War was over leaving more than 650,000 American dead-As many as all other wars combined.

34. Lincoln’s Assassination April 14, 1865 Lincoln was assassinated by 26 year-old actor John Wilkes Booth He would die the next day