1. Nation-States Aim/Goal: How did strong nation-states develop in Europe? Aim/Goal: How did strong nation-states develop in Europe? Do Now: Describe what might happen if each neighborhood had its own laws, taxes, system of justice, etc. Explain in a few sentences. Do Now: Describe what might happen if each neighborhood had its own laws, taxes, system of justice, etc. Explain in a few sentences. Homework: You are a feudal monarch who has a dream to build a nation-state. Write a dialogue in which you have an argument with someone who DOES NOT want to see feudalism end. Give both sides of the argument in at least two paragraphs. Homework: You are a feudal monarch who has a dream to build a nation-state. Write a dialogue in which you have an argument with someone who DOES NOT want to see feudalism end. Give both sides of the argument in at least two paragraphs.

2. Europe

3. The Reformation A religious movement created new differences. During the Renaissance scholars questioned authority. Some people even began to question the Catholic Church. In 1517, Martin Luther published 95 statements that criticized church practices that he believed were wrong. That began the Reformation, a period when many Christians broke away from the Catholic Church and started Protestant churches. Mutual hostility led Catholics and Protestants to fight religious wars that tore Europe apart.

4. Nationalism During the centuries after Rome fell, feudalism gradually developed in Europe. This was a political system in which powerful lords owned most of the land. They gave some land to nobles in exchange for military service by those nobles. Over time, strong kings gained power over feudal lords, and nationalism evolved. Nationalism is the belief that people should be loyal to their nation, the people with whom they share land, culture, and history.

5. Nationalism By the late 1600s, French kings held absolute power, which they often used to benefit themselves, not their people. In 1789, the people began a rebellion—the French Revolution. They deposed the king and formed a republic. But in a few years, an army officer named Napoleon Bonaparte seized power. In 1804, he made himself emperor. Napoleon tried to conquer all of Europe but was defeated. The nation-states of Europe became strong rivals. From the 1600s to 1945, wars repeatedly broke out between France and Austria or between France and the German states (later Germany). Germany did not unify as a nation until 1871.