2. Contractions Vs. Possessive Pronouns: Three Troublesome Pairs

3. Have you ever struggled with choices like these when you write sentences? ? The puppy chased ( it’s or its ) tail. ? ( You’re or Your ) my closest friend. ? ( Who’s or Whose ) bike is in the garage?

4. Well, you are not alone. Many people confuse these pairs of words all the time:  it’s and its  you’re and your  who’s and whose

5. The most obvious difference between the words in each pair is the apostrophe ( ‘ ) mark:  It’s, you’re, and who’s all contain an apostrophe.  These 3 words are contractions.  Its, your, and whose do NOT contain an apostrophe.  These 3 words are possessive pronouns.

6. Contractions join two words into one. In the process, one or more letters are left out, and an apostrophe replaces these letters. Two Words It is or It has You are Who is or Who has Contraction It’s — apostrophe replaces the i in is or the ha in has It’s time to begin. (It is) It’s been a long day. (It has) You’re — apostrophe replaces the a in are You’re bothering me. (You are) Who’s — apostrophe replaces the i in is or the ha in has  Who’s ready to begin? (Who is)  Who’s seen my keys? (Who has)

7. Possessive pronouns are pronouns that show ownership or possession. They DO NOT need an apostrophe to show ownership, unlike nouns, which DO need an apostrophe to show ownership: Possessive Pronoun---His car (pronoun with no ‘s) Possessive Noun---Bob’s car (noun with an ‘s)

8. Possessive Pronoun Its —no apostrophe The kitten could not find its squeak toy. Your ---no apostrophe I like your taste in clothes. Whose ---no apostrophe We don’t know whose car is parked in the fire lane. Meaning Belonging to it Belonging to you Belonging to whom

9. There is an easy substitution test you can use in order to choose the correct word in the following troublesome pairs.

10. The puppy chased ( it’s or its ) tail. Substitute it is or it has. If the sentence makes sense, then use the contraction, it’s. If it doesn’t make sense, then use the possessive pronoun, its. The puppy chased it is tail. The puppy chased it has tail.  Sentence makes no sense, so use its. The puppy chased its tail.

11. ( You’re or Your ) my closest friend. Substitute You are. If the sentence makes sense, then use the contraction, You’re. If it doesn’t make sense, then use the possessive pronoun, Your. You are my closest friend.  Sentence makes sense, so use You’re. You’re my closest friend.

12. ( Who’s or Whose ) bike is in the garage? Substitute Who is or Who has. If the sentence makes sense, then use the contraction, Who’s. If it doesn’t make sense, then use the possessive pronoun, Whose. Who is bike is in the garage? Who has bike is in the garage?  Sentence makes no sense, so use Whose. Whose bike is in the garage?

13. Remember to use this substitution rule, and you’ll ALWAYS make the right choice!

14. What Are Contractions? Contractions are made by bringing two words together into one. Letters are removed and an apostrophe is put in their place. Can not Can’t

15. General Rule Usually, a contraction is formed by removing the first vowel in the second word and all the letters before it. Then, put an apostrophe in their place. Example: could have = could’ve This does not word with contractions containing not. With the word not, simply replace the o with an apostrophe. Example: is not = isn’t

16. I will paint the house red. I’ll paint the house red.

17. He will fix the car. He’ll fix the car.

18. She can not get going without her coffee. She can’t get going without her coffee.

19. I am going outside to skateboard. I’m going outside to skateboard.

20. You are my best friend! You’re my best friend!

21. I do not have enough money to buy a new bike. I don’t have enough money to buy a new bike.

22. Let’s Review! I will He will Can not I am You are Do not I’ll He’ll Can’t I’m You’re Don’t