Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byPoppy Shepherd Modified over 9 years ago
1
Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slides 7.23 – 7.42 Seventh Edition Elaine N. Marieb Chapter 7 The Nervous System Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. Cook
2
The Reflex Arc Slide 7.23 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Reflex – rapid, predictable, and involuntary responses to stimuli Reflex arc – direct route from a sensory neuron, to an interneuron, to an effector Figure 7.11a
3
Simple Reflex Arc Slide 7.24 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 7.11b, c
4
Which of the following is the correct sequence in a typical reflex arc: A.Effector, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, receptor B.Receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector C.Effector, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, receptor D.Receptor, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, effector E.Receptor, afferent neuron, efferent neuron, integration center, effector
5
Types of Reflexes and Regulation Slide 7.25 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Autonomic reflexes Smooth muscle regulation Heart and blood pressure regulation Regulation of glands Digestive system regulation Somatic reflexes Activation of skeletal muscles
6
Central Nervous System (CNS) Slide 7.26 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings CNS develops from the embryonic neural tube The neural tube becomes the brain and spinal cord The opening of the neural tube becomes the ventricles Four chambers within the brain Filled with cerebrospinal fluid
7
Emybronic Neural Tube (Mouse)
8
Regions of the Brain Slide 7.27 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cerebral hemispheres Diencephalon Brain stem Cerebellum Figure 7.12
9
Cerebral Hemispheres (Cerebrum) Slide 7.28a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Paired (left and right) superior parts of the brain Include more than half of the brain mass Figure 7.13a
10
Cerebral Hemispheres (Cerebrum) Slide 7.28b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The surface is made of ridges (gyri) and grooves (sulci) Figure 7.13a
11
A shallow groove on the surface of the cortex is called a: A.fissure B.gyrus C.furrow D.tract E.sulcus
12
Lobes of the Cerebrum Slide 7.29a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fissures (deep grooves) divide the cerebrum into lobes Surface lobes of the cerebrum Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Temporal lobe
13
Elevated ridges on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called: A.ganglia B.fissures C.gyri D.sulci E.White matter
14
Lobes of the Cerebrum Slide 7.29b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 7.15a
15
The central sulcus separates which lobes: A.Parietal lobe from occipital lobe B.Frontal lobe from temporal lobe C.Temporal lobe from parietal lobe D.Frontal lobe from parietal lobe E.Temporal lobe from occipital lobe
16
Specialized Areas of the Cerebrum Slide 7.30 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Somatic sensory area – receives impulses from the body’s sensory receptors Primary motor area – sends impulses to skeletal muscles Broca’s area – involved in our ability to speak
17
Sensory and Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex Slide 7.31 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 7.14
19
The groove separating the cerebral hemispheres is the: A.Central sulcus B.Parieto-occipital sulcus C.Longitudinal fissure D.Lateral sulcus E.Anterior commissure
20
Specialized Area of the Cerebrum Slide 7.32a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cerebral areas involved in special senses Gustatory area (taste) Visual area Auditory area Olfactory area
21
Specialized Area of the Cerebrum Slide 7.32b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Interpretation areas of the cerebrum Speech/language region Language comprehension region General interpretation area
22
Lobe that contains the primary motor area: A.Parietal lobe B.Temporal lobe C.Occipital lobe D.Frontal lobe E.diencephalon
23
Specialized Area of the Cerebrum Slide 7.32c Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 7.13c
24
Layers of the Cerebrum Slide 7.33a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Gray matter Outer layer Composed mostly of neuron cell bodies Figure 7.13a
25
Layers of the Cerebrum Slide 7.33b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings White matter Fiber tracts inside the gray matter Example: corpus callosum connects hemispheres Figure 7.13a
26
Layers of the Cerebrum Slide 7.33c Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Basal nuclei – internal islands of gray matter Figure 7.13a
27
If the area of the cerebral hemisphere corresponding to Broca’s area is damaged, what is the result: A.Memory is lost B.Motor control of the right leg is impaired C.Eyesight is lost D.Motor control of the speech muscles is lost E.Hearing is impaired
28
Diencephalon Slide 7.34a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sits on top of the brain stem Enclosed by the cerebral hemispheres Made of three parts Thalamus Hypothalamus Epithalamus
29
Diencephalon Slide 7.34b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 7.15
30
Thalamus Slide 7.35 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Surrounds the third ventricle The relay station for sensory impulses Transfers impulses to the correct part of the cortex for localization and interpretation
31
Hypothalamus Slide 7.36a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Under the thalamus Important autonomic nervous system center Helps regulate body temperature Controls water balance Regulates metabolism
32
Hypothalamus Slide 7.36b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings An important part of the limbic system (emotions) The pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus
33
Control of temperature, endocrine activity, and thirst are functions associated with the: A.Medulla oblongata B.cerebellum C.hypothalamus D.thalamus E.cerebrum
34
Epithalamus Slide 7.37 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Forms the roof of the third ventricle Houses the pineal body (an endocrine gland) Includes the choroid plexus – forms cerebrospinal fluid
35
Brain Stem Slide 7.38a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Attaches to the spinal cord Parts of the brain stem Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata
36
Brain Stem Slide 7.38b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 7.15a
37
The three major parts of the brain stem are the: A.Cerebrum, cerebellum, and diencephalon B.Thalamus, epithalamus, and hypothalamus C.Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater D.Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata E.Basal nuclei, pineal body, and choroid plexus
38
Midbrain Slide 7.39 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Mostly composed of tracts of nerve fibers Has two bulging fiber tracts – cerebral peduncles Has four rounded protrusions – corpora quadrigemina Reflex centers for vision and hearing
39
Pons Slide 7.40 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The bulging center part of the brain stem Mostly composed of fiber tracts Includes nuclei involved in the control of breathing
40
Medulla Oblongata Slide 7.41 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The lowest part of the brain stem Merges into the spinal cord Includes important fiber tracts Contains important control centers Heart rate control Blood pressure regulation Breathing Swallowing Vomiting
41
Reticular Formation Slide 7.42a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Diffuse mass of gray matter along the brain stem Involved in motor control of visceral organs Reticular activating system plays a role in awake/sleep cycles and consciousness
42
The vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the : A.Medulla oblongata B.Hypothalamus C.Pons D.Cerebrum E.Midbrain
43
Reticular Formation Slide 7.42b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 7.15b
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.