1. Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slides 7.23 – 7.42 Seventh Edition Elaine N. Marieb Chapter 7 The Nervous System Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. Cook

2. The Reflex Arc Slide 7.23 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Reflex – rapid, predictable, and involuntary responses to stimuli  Reflex arc – direct route from a sensory neuron, to an interneuron, to an effector Figure 7.11a

3. Simple Reflex Arc Slide 7.24 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 7.11b, c

4. Which of the following is the correct sequence in a typical reflex arc: A.Effector, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, receptor B.Receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector C.Effector, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, receptor D.Receptor, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, effector E.Receptor, afferent neuron, efferent neuron, integration center, effector

5. Types of Reflexes and Regulation Slide 7.25 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Autonomic reflexes  Smooth muscle regulation  Heart and blood pressure regulation  Regulation of glands  Digestive system regulation  Somatic reflexes  Activation of skeletal muscles

6. Central Nervous System (CNS) Slide 7.26 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  CNS develops from the embryonic neural tube  The neural tube becomes the brain and spinal cord  The opening of the neural tube becomes the ventricles  Four chambers within the brain  Filled with cerebrospinal fluid

7. Emybronic Neural Tube (Mouse)

8. Regions of the Brain Slide 7.27 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Cerebral hemispheres  Diencephalon  Brain stem  Cerebellum Figure 7.12

9. Cerebral Hemispheres (Cerebrum) Slide 7.28a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Paired (left and right) superior parts of the brain  Include more than half of the brain mass Figure 7.13a

10. Cerebral Hemispheres (Cerebrum) Slide 7.28b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  The surface is made of ridges (gyri) and grooves (sulci) Figure 7.13a

11. A shallow groove on the surface of the cortex is called a: A.fissure B.gyrus C.furrow D.tract E.sulcus

12. Lobes of the Cerebrum Slide 7.29a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Fissures (deep grooves) divide the cerebrum into lobes  Surface lobes of the cerebrum  Frontal lobe  Parietal lobe  Occipital lobe  Temporal lobe

13. Elevated ridges on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called: A.ganglia B.fissures C.gyri D.sulci E.White matter

14. Lobes of the Cerebrum Slide 7.29b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 7.15a

15. The central sulcus separates which lobes: A.Parietal lobe from occipital lobe B.Frontal lobe from temporal lobe C.Temporal lobe from parietal lobe D.Frontal lobe from parietal lobe E.Temporal lobe from occipital lobe

16. Specialized Areas of the Cerebrum Slide 7.30 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Somatic sensory area – receives impulses from the body’s sensory receptors  Primary motor area – sends impulses to skeletal muscles  Broca’s area – involved in our ability to speak

17. Sensory and Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex Slide 7.31 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 7.14

19. The groove separating the cerebral hemispheres is the: A.Central sulcus B.Parieto-occipital sulcus C.Longitudinal fissure D.Lateral sulcus E.Anterior commissure

20. Specialized Area of the Cerebrum Slide 7.32a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Cerebral areas involved in special senses  Gustatory area (taste)  Visual area  Auditory area  Olfactory area

21. Specialized Area of the Cerebrum Slide 7.32b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Interpretation areas of the cerebrum  Speech/language region  Language comprehension region  General interpretation area

22. Lobe that contains the primary motor area: A.Parietal lobe B.Temporal lobe C.Occipital lobe D.Frontal lobe E.diencephalon

23. Specialized Area of the Cerebrum Slide 7.32c Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 7.13c

24. Layers of the Cerebrum Slide 7.33a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Gray matter  Outer layer  Composed mostly of neuron cell bodies Figure 7.13a

25. Layers of the Cerebrum Slide 7.33b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  White matter  Fiber tracts inside the gray matter  Example: corpus callosum connects hemispheres Figure 7.13a

26. Layers of the Cerebrum Slide 7.33c Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Basal nuclei – internal islands of gray matter Figure 7.13a

27. If the area of the cerebral hemisphere corresponding to Broca’s area is damaged, what is the result: A.Memory is lost B.Motor control of the right leg is impaired C.Eyesight is lost D.Motor control of the speech muscles is lost E.Hearing is impaired

28. Diencephalon Slide 7.34a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Sits on top of the brain stem  Enclosed by the cerebral hemispheres  Made of three parts  Thalamus  Hypothalamus  Epithalamus

29. Diencephalon Slide 7.34b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 7.15

30. Thalamus Slide 7.35 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Surrounds the third ventricle  The relay station for sensory impulses  Transfers impulses to the correct part of the cortex for localization and interpretation

31. Hypothalamus Slide 7.36a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Under the thalamus  Important autonomic nervous system center  Helps regulate body temperature  Controls water balance  Regulates metabolism

32. Hypothalamus Slide 7.36b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  An important part of the limbic system (emotions)  The pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus

33. Control of temperature, endocrine activity, and thirst are functions associated with the: A.Medulla oblongata B.cerebellum C.hypothalamus D.thalamus E.cerebrum

34. Epithalamus Slide 7.37 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Forms the roof of the third ventricle  Houses the pineal body (an endocrine gland)  Includes the choroid plexus – forms cerebrospinal fluid

35. Brain Stem Slide 7.38a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Attaches to the spinal cord  Parts of the brain stem  Midbrain  Pons  Medulla oblongata

36. Brain Stem Slide 7.38b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 7.15a

37. The three major parts of the brain stem are the: A.Cerebrum, cerebellum, and diencephalon B.Thalamus, epithalamus, and hypothalamus C.Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater D.Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata E.Basal nuclei, pineal body, and choroid plexus

38. Midbrain Slide 7.39 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Mostly composed of tracts of nerve fibers  Has two bulging fiber tracts – cerebral peduncles  Has four rounded protrusions – corpora quadrigemina  Reflex centers for vision and hearing

39. Pons Slide 7.40 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  The bulging center part of the brain stem  Mostly composed of fiber tracts  Includes nuclei involved in the control of breathing

40. Medulla Oblongata Slide 7.41 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  The lowest part of the brain stem  Merges into the spinal cord  Includes important fiber tracts  Contains important control centers  Heart rate control  Blood pressure regulation  Breathing  Swallowing  Vomiting

41. Reticular Formation Slide 7.42a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Diffuse mass of gray matter along the brain stem  Involved in motor control of visceral organs  Reticular activating system plays a role in awake/sleep cycles and consciousness

42. The vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the : A.Medulla oblongata B.Hypothalamus C.Pons D.Cerebrum E.Midbrain

43. Reticular Formation Slide 7.42b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 7.15b