1. 1

2. Subneting Dividing large network into small network for efficiently utilize of the Ip address. Converting host bits into network bits. Efficient utilize the network. Optimize of the network. Good security to hosts and network. Good performance. Subnetting is also called as FLSM(Fixed length subnet mask).

3. Three ways we do subnetting Requirement of networks. Requirement hosts. Cisco notation.

4. VALUES IN SUBNET MASK Bit Value Mask 112810000000 219211000000 322411100000 424011110000 524811111000 625211111100 725411111110 825511111111 VALUES IN SUBNET MASK Bit Value Mask 112810000000 219211000000 322411100000 424011110000 524811111000 625211111100 725411111110 825511111111

5. POWER TABLE 2 1 = 2 2 2 = 4 2 3 = 8 2 4 = 16 2 5 = 32 2 6 = 64 2 7 = 128 2 8 = 256 2 9 = 512 2 10 = 1024 2 11 = 2048 2 12 = 4096 2 13 = 8192 2 14 = 16384 2 15 = 32768 2 16 = 65536 2 17 = 131072 2 18 = 262144 2 19 = 524288 2 20 = 1048576 2 21 = 2097152 2 22 = 4194304 2 23 = 8388608 2 24 = 16777216 2 25 = 33554432 2 26 = 67108864 2 27 = 134217728 2 28 = 268435456 2 29 = 536870912 2 30 = 1073741824 2 31 = 2147483648 2 32 = 4294967296

6. 6 Example – 1 One bit masking is Invalid, You are not getting any networks when you convert 1 host bit to network bit. Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.0 No. of Subnet =2 n – 2 =2 1 – 2 =2 – 2 =0 Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxx HELP

7. 7 Example – 2 No. of Host =2 h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) =2 1 – 2 =2 – 2 = 0 Hosts/Subnet In this case, You are not getting any host when you convert 7 host bit to network bit. Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.0 No. of Subnet =2 n – 2 =2 7 – 2 =128 – 2 =126 Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP

8. 8 Example – 3 No. of Host =2 h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) =2 0 – 2 =0 – 2 = -2 Hosts/Subnet In this case, You are not getting any host when you convert 8 host bit to network bit. Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.0 No. of Subnet =2 n – 2 =2 8 – 2 =256 – 2 =254 Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP

9. 9 Requirement of Hosts is 40 ? Example – 1 Re No. of Subnet =2 n – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range) =2 2 – 2 =4 – 2 =2 Subnet Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.0 No. of Host =2 h – 2  Req. of Host =2 6 – 2  40 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) =64 – 2 =62 Hosts/Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP

10. 10 x Example – 1 (Continued…) Range of Networks Network IDBroadcast ID 192.168.1.0 Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111.11000000 12864 x Valid Subnets 192.168.1.192–192.168.1.255 –192.168.1.63 192.168.1.64–192.168.1.127 192.168.1.128 –192.168.1.191 64 192 If you convert 2 Host Bits to Network Bits 2 Subnet & 62 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.255.192 Subnet Range 192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.127 192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.191 If you convert 2 Host Bits to Network Bits 2 Subnet & 62 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.255.192 Subnet Range 192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.127 192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.191

11. 11 Requirement of Hosts is 2 ? Example – 2 No. of Subnet =2 n – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range) =2 6 – 2 =64 – 2 =62 Subnet Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.0 No. of Host =2 h – 2  Req. of Host =2 2 – 2  2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) =4 – 2 =2 Hosts/Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP

12. 12 x Example – 2 (Continued…) Range of Networks Network IDBroadcast ID 192.168.1.0 Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111.11111100 1286432 x Valid Subnets 16 192.168.1.248–192.168.1.251 192.168.1.252– 192.168.1.255 –192.168.1.3 192.168.1.4–192.168.1.7 192.168.1.8 –192.168.1.11 192.168.1.12–192.168.1.15 844 252

13. 13 Cisco / Notation Example – 1 No. of Host =2 h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) =2 3 – 2 =8 – 2 =6 Hosts/Subnet Class C : N.N.N.H(Requirement is 30 subnets) 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.0/29 Extra Network Bits = 29 – 24 = 5 Put n value = 5 No. of Subnet =2 n – 2 =2 5 – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range) =32 – 2 =30 Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP

14. 14 Example – 1 (Continued…) Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111.11111000 12864321688 x x Valid Subnets 192.168.1.240–192.168.1.247 192.168.1.248– 192.168.1.255 –192.168.1.7 192.168.1.8–192.168.1.15 192.168.1.16 –192.168.1.23 192.168.1.24–192.168.1.31 Range of Networks Network IDBroadcast ID 192.168.1.0 248 If you convert 5 Host Bits to Network Bits 30 Subnet & 6 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.255.248 Subnet Range 192.168.1.8 to 192.168.1.15 192.168.1.16 to 192.168.1.23 192.168.1.24 to 192.168.1.31 192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.39 192.168.1.240 to 192.168.1.247 If you convert 5 Host Bits to Network Bits 30 Subnet & 6 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.255.248 Subnet Range 192.168.1.8 to 192.168.1.15 192.168.1.16 to 192.168.1.23 192.168.1.24 to 192.168.1.31 192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.39 192.168.1.240 to 192.168.1.247

15. 15 Cisco / Notation Example – 2 No. of Host =2 h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) =2 4 – 2 =16 – 2 =14 Hosts/Subnet Class C : N.N.N.H(Requirement is 12 subnets) 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.0/28 Extra Network Bits = 28 – 24 = 4 Put n value = 4 No. of Subnet =2 n – 2 =2 4 – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range) =16 – 2 =14 Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP

16. 16 x Example – 2 (Continued…) Range of Networks Network IDBroadcast ID 192.168.1.0 Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111.11110000 1286432 x Valid Subnets 16 192.168.1.224–192.168.1.239 192.168.1.240– 192.168.1.255 –192.168.1.15 192.168.1.16–192.168.1.31 192.168.1.32 –192.168.1.47 192.168.1.48–192.168.1.63 240 If you convert 4 Host Bits to Network Bits 14 Subnet & 14 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.255.240 Subnet Range 192.168.1.16 to 192.168.1.31 192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.47 192.168.1.48 to 192.168.1.63 192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.80 192.168.1.224 to 192.168.1.239 If you convert 4 Host Bits to Network Bits 14 Subnet & 14 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.255.240 Subnet Range 192.168.1.16 to 192.168.1.31 192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.47 192.168.1.48 to 192.168.1.63 192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.80 192.168.1.224 to 192.168.1.239

17. 17 Requirement of Networks is 2 ? Example – 1 No. of Host =2 h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) =2 14 – 2 =16384 – 2 =16382 Hosts/Subnet Class B : N.N.H.H(Requirement is 2 Subnets) 10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class B : 172.16.0.0 No. of Subnet =2 n – 2  Req. of Subnet =2 2 – 2  2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range) =4 – 2 =2 Subnet 10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP

18. 18 Example – 1 (Continued…) Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 0 11000000.00000000 x 12864 x Valid Subnets 172.16.192.0–172.16.255.255 Range of Networks Network IDBroadcast ID 172.16.0.0 –172.16.63.255 172.16.64.0–172.16.127.255 172.16.128.0 –172.16.191.255 192. If you convert 2 Host Bits to Network Bits 2 Subnet & 16382 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.192.0 Subnet Range 172.16.64.0 to 172.16.127.255 172.16.128.0 to 172.16.191.255 If you convert 2 Host Bits to Network Bits 2 Subnet & 16382 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.192.0 Subnet Range 172.16.64.0 to 172.16.127.255 172.16.128.0 to 172.16.191.255

19. 19 Requirement of Hosts is 126 ? Example – 2 No. of Subnet =2 n – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range) =2 9 – 2 =512 – 2 =510 Subnet Class B : N.N.H.H 10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class B : 172.16.0.0 No. of Host =2 h – 2  Req. of Host =2 7 – 2  126 (-2 is for Network ID & BroadcastID) =128 – 2 =126 Hosts/Subnet 10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP

20. 20 x Example – 2 (Continued…) Range of Networks Network IDBroadcast ID 172.16.0.0 Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111.10000000 128 x Valid Subnets –172.16.0.127 172.16.0.128–172.16.0.255 172.16.1.0–172.16.1.127 172.16.1.128–172.16.1.255 172.16.255.0–172.16.255.127 172.16.255.128–172.16.255.255 128 If you convert 9 Host Bits to Network Bits 510 Subnet & 126 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.255.128 Subnet Range 172.16.0.128 to 172.16.0.255 172.16.1.0 to 172.16.1.127 172.16.1.128 to 172.16.1.255 172.16.2.0 to 172.16.2.127 172.16.255.0 to 172.16.255.127 If you convert 9 Host Bits to Network Bits 510 Subnet & 126 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.255.128 Subnet Range 172.16.0.128 to 172.16.0.255 172.16.1.0 to 172.16.1.127 172.16.1.128 to 172.16.1.255 172.16.2.0 to 172.16.2.127 172.16.255.0 to 172.16.255.127

21. 21 Cisco / Notation Example – 3 No. of Host =2 h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) =2 10 – 2 =1024 – 2 =1022 Hosts/Subnet Class B : N.N.H.H 10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class B : 172.16.0.0/22 Extra Network Bits = 22 – 16 = 6 Put n value = 6 No. of Subnet =2 n – 2 =2 6 – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range) =64 – 2 =62 Subnet 10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP

22. 22 x Example – 3 (Continued…) Range of Networks Network IDBroadcast ID 172.16.0.0 Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111.11111100.00000000 1286432 x Valid Subnets 16 172.16.248.0–172.16.251.255 172.16.252.0– 172.16.255.255 –172.16.3.255 172.16.4.0–172.16.7.255 172.16.8.0 –172.16.11.255 172.16.12.0–172.16.15.255 844 0252. If you convert 6 Host Bits to Network Bits 62 Subnet & 1022 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.252.0 Subnet Range 172.16.4.0 to 172.16.7.255 172.16.8.0 to 172.16.11.255 172.16.12.0 to 172.16.15.255 172.16.16.0 to 172.16.19.255 172.16.248.0 to 172.16.251.255 If you convert 6 Host Bits to Network Bits 62 Subnet & 1022 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.252.0 Subnet Range 172.16.4.0 to 172.16.7.255 172.16.8.0 to 172.16.11.255 172.16.12.0 to 172.16.15.255 172.16.16.0 to 172.16.19.255 172.16.248.0 to 172.16.251.255

23. 23 Requirement of Networks is 500 ? Example – 1 No. of Host =2 h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) =2 15 – 2 =32768 – 2 =32766 Hosts/Subnet Class A : N.H.H.H(Requirement is 500 Subnet) 0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class A : 10.0.0.0 No. of Subnet =2 n – 2  Req. of Subnet =2 9 – 2  500 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range) =512 – 2 =510 Subnet 0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP

24. 24 x Example – 1 (Continued…) Range of Networks Network IDBroadcast ID 10.0.0.0 Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111.10000000.00000000 128 x Valid Subnets –10.0.127.255 10.0.128.0–10.0.255.255 10.1.0.0–10.1.127.255 10.1.128.0–10.1.255.255 10.255.0.0–10.255.127.255 10.255.128.0–10.255.255.255 0128. If you convert 9 Host Bits to Network Bits 510 Subnet & 32766 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.128.0 Subnet Range 10.0.128.0 to 10.0.255.255 10.1.0.0 to 10.1.127.255 10.1.128.0 to 10.1.255.255 10.2.0.0 to 10.2.127.255 10.255.0.0 to 10.255.127.255 If you convert 9 Host Bits to Network Bits 510 Subnet & 32766 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.128.0 Subnet Range 10.0.128.0 to 10.0.255.255 10.1.0.0 to 10.1.127.255 10.1.128.0 to 10.1.255.255 10.2.0.0 to 10.2.127.255 10.255.0.0 to 10.255.127.255

25. 25 Requirement of Hosts is 260000 ? Example – 2 No. of Subnet =2 n – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range) =2 6 – 2 =64 – 2 =62 Subnet Class A : N.H.H.H 0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class A : 10.0.0.0 No. of Host =2 h – 2  Req. of Host =2 18 – 2  260000 (-2 is for Network ID & BroadcastID) =262144 – 2 =262142 Hosts/Subnet 0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP

26. 26 x Example – 2 (Continued…) Range of Networks Network IDBroadcast ID 10.0.0.0 Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 252. 11111100.00000000.00000000 x Valid Subnets –10.3.255.255 10.4.0.0–10.7.255.255 10.8.0.0–10.11.255.255 10.12.0.0–10.15.255.255 10.248.0.0–10.251.255.255 10.252.0.0–10.255.255.255 00. 128643216844 If you convert 6 Host Bits to Network Bits 62 Subnet & 262142 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.252.0.0 Subnet Range 10.4.0.0 to 10.3.255.255 10.8.0.0 to 10.7.255.255 10.12.0.0 to 10.15.255.255 10.16.0.0 to 10.19.255.255 10.248.0.0 to 10.251.255.255 If you convert 6 Host Bits to Network Bits 62 Subnet & 262142 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.252.0.0 Subnet Range 10.4.0.0 to 10.3.255.255 10.8.0.0 to 10.7.255.255 10.12.0.0 to 10.15.255.255 10.16.0.0 to 10.19.255.255 10.248.0.0 to 10.251.255.255

27. 27 Cisco / Notation Example – 3 No. of Host =2 h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) =2 12 – 2 =4096 – 2 =4094 Hosts/Subnet Class A : N.H.H.H 0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class A : 10.0.0.0/20 Extra Network Bits = 20 – 8 = 12 Put n value = 12 No. of Subnet =2 n – 2 =2 12 – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range) =4096 – 2 =4094 Subnet 0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP

28. 28 x Example – 3 (Continued…) Range of Networks Network IDBroadcast ID 10.0.0.0 Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111.11110000.00000000 1286432 x Valid Subnets 16 10.255.224.0–10.255.239.255 10.255.240.0– 10.255.255.255 –10.0.15.255 10.0.16.0–10.0.31.255 10.0.32.0 –10.0.47.255 10.0.48.0–10.0.63.255 0240. 16 If you convert 12 Host Bits to Network Bits 4094 Subnet & 4094 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.240.0 Subnet Range 10.0.16.0 to 10.31.255.255 10.0.32.0 to 10.47.255.255 10.0.48.0 to 10.63.255.255 10.0.64.0 to 10.79.255.255 10.255.224.0 to 10.255.239.255 If you convert 12 Host Bits to Network Bits 4094 Subnet & 4094 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.240.0 Subnet Range 10.0.16.0 to 10.31.255.255 10.0.32.0 to 10.47.255.255 10.0.48.0 to 10.63.255.255 10.0.64.0 to 10.79.255.255 10.255.224.0 to 10.255.239.255

29. 29 Subnetting a subnet is called as Variable Length Subnet Mask VLSMs provide the capability to include more than one subnet mask within a major network VLSM

30. 30 Netmetric is having 100 PC Netmetric– 192.168.1.0/24 – MCSE – CISCO – FIREWALL – MARKETING - MCITP Administrator’s requirement : Inter-department communication should not be possible ? Best Solution is : FLSM i.e. Subnetting Scenario

31. 31 Scenario (…continued) NETMETRIC – MCSE – CISCO – Ccna – Ccnp – FIREWALL – ISA – Checkpoint – Net SQ – Clavister – Cisco PIX – MARKETING – PURCHASE – SALES – STOCK – MCITP Now we are also having sub departments

32. 32 Administrator does not want inter-department communication in the sub departments ? Answer : You will use the subnet range to further divide it into smaller ranges, this time its Subnetting of a Subnet i.e. VLSM. Scenario (…continued)

33. 33 Calculation of FLSM No. of Host =2 h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) =2 5 – 2 =32 – 2 =30 Hosts/Subnet Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.0 No. of Subnet =2 n – 2  Req. of Subnet =2 3 – 2  5 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range) =8 – 2 =6 Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP

34. 34 x FLSM (Continued…) Range of Networks Network IDBroadcast ID 192.168.1.0 Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111.11100000 1286432 192.168.1.32 192.168.1.64 192.168.1.96 192.168.1.128 192.168.1.160 192.168.1.192 192.168.1.224 192.168.1.31 192.168.1.63 192.168.1.95 192.168.1.127 192.168.1.159 192.168.1.191 192.168.1.223 192.168.1.255 x Valid Subnets 224 If you convert 3 Host Bits to Network Bits 6 Subnet & 30 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.255.224 Subnet Range 192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.63. 192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.95 192.168.1.96 to 192.168.1.127 192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.159 192.168.1.160 to 192.168.1.191 192.168.1.192 to 192.168.1.223 If you convert 3 Host Bits to Network Bits 6 Subnet & 30 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.255.224 Subnet Range 192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.63. 192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.95 192.168.1.96 to 192.168.1.127 192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.159 192.168.1.160 to 192.168.1.191 192.168.1.192 to 192.168.1.223

35. 35 ZOOM Technologies – MCSE – CISCO – Ccna – Ccnp – FIREWALL – ISA – Checkpoint – Net SQ – Clavister – Cisco PIX – MARKETING –Purchase – Sales – Stock – MCITP Assigning of the Ranges 192.168.1.32 – 1.63/27 192.168.1.64 – 1.95/27 192.168.1.96 – 1.127/27 192.168.1.128 – 1.159/27 192.168.1.160 – 1.191/27

36. 36 Calculation of VLSM for CISCO Dept. No. of Host =2 h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) =2 4 – 2 =16 – 2 =14 Hosts/Subnet Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.64 No. of Subnet =2 n  Req. of Subnet =2 1  2 =2=2 =2 Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP

37. 37 VLSM (Continued…) Range of Networks Network IDBroadcast ID 192.168.1.64 Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111.11110000 Valid Subnets 240 128643216 –192.168.1.79 192.168.1.80 –192.168.1.95 If you convert 1 more Host Bit to Network Bit 2 Subnet & 14 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.255.240 Subnet Range 192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.79 192.168.1.80 to 192.168.1.95 If you convert 1 more Host Bit to Network Bit 2 Subnet & 14 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.255.240 Subnet Range 192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.79 192.168.1.80 to 192.168.1.95

38. 38 Assigning of the Ranges 192.168.1.64 – 1.79/28 192.168.1.80 – 1.95/28 NETMETIRC – MCSE – CISCO – Ccna – Ccnp – FIREWALL – ISA – Checkpoint – Net SQ – Clavister – Cisco PIX – MARKETING – Purchase – Sales – Stock – MCITP 192.168.1.32 – 1.63/27 192.168.1.96 – 1.127/27 192.168.1.128 – 1.159/27 192.168.1.160 – 1.191/27 192.168.1.64 – 1.95/27

39. 39 Calculation of VLSM for Firewall Dept. No. of Host =2 h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) =2 2 – 2 =4 – 2 =2 Hosts/Subnet Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.96 No. of Subnet =2 n  Req. of Subnet =2 3  5 =8=8 =8 Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP

40. 40 VLSM (Continued…) Range of Networks Network IDBroadcast ID 192.168.1.96 Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111.11111100 Valid Subnets 252 128643216 –192.168.1.99 192.168.1.100 –192.168.1.103 192.168.1.104 –192.168.1.107 192.168.1.108 –192.168.1.111 192.168.1.112 –192.168.1.115 192.168.1.116 –192.168.1.119 192.168.1.120 –192.168.1.123 192.168.1.124 –192.168.1.127 448 If you convert 3 more Host Bit to Network Bit 8 Subnet & 2 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.255.252 Subnet Range 192.168.1.96 to 192.168.1.99 192.168.1.100 to 192.168.1.103 192.168.1.104 to 192.168.1.107 192.168.1.108 to 192.168.1.111 192.168.1.112 to 192.168.1.115 192.168.1.116 to 192.168.1.119 192.168.1.120 to 192.168.1.123 192.168.1.124 to 192.168.1.127 If you convert 3 more Host Bit to Network Bit 8 Subnet & 2 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.255.252 Subnet Range 192.168.1.96 to 192.168.1.99 192.168.1.100 to 192.168.1.103 192.168.1.104 to 192.168.1.107 192.168.1.108 to 192.168.1.111 192.168.1.112 to 192.168.1.115 192.168.1.116 to 192.168.1.119 192.168.1.120 to 192.168.1.123 192.168.1.124 to 192.168.1.127

41. 41 Assigning of the Ranges NETMETRIC – MCSE – CISCO – Ccna – Ccnp – FIREWALL – ISA – Checkpoint – Net SQ – Clavister – Cisco PIX – MARKETING – Purchase – Sales – Stock – MCITP 192.168.1.32 – 1.63/27 192.168.1.96 – 1.127/27 192.168.1.128 – 1.159/27 192.168.1.160 – 1.191/27 192.168.1.64 – 1.95/27 192.168.1.64 – 1.79/28 192.168.1.80 – 1.95/28 192.168.1.96 – 1.99/30 192.168.1.100 – 1.103/30 192.168.1.104 – 1.107/30 192.168.1.108 – 1.111/30 192.168.1.112 – 1.115/30

42. 42 Calculation of VLSM for Solaris Dept. No. of Host =2 h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) =2 3 – 2 =8 – 2 =6 Hosts/Subnet Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.128 No. of Subnet =2 n  Req. of Subnet =2 2  3 =4=4 =4 Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP

43. 43 VLSM (Continued…) Range of Networks Network IDBroadcast ID 192.168.1.128 Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111.11111000 Valid Subnets 248 128643216 –192.168.1.135 192.168.1.136 –192.168.1.143 192.168.1.144 –192.168.1.151 192.168.1.152 –192.168.1.159 88 If you convert 2 more Host Bit to Network Bit 4 Subnet & 6 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.255.248 Subnet Range 192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.135 192.168.1.136 to 192.168.1.143 192.168.1.144 to 192.168.1.151 192.168.1.152 to 192.168.1.159 If you convert 2 more Host Bit to Network Bit 4 Subnet & 6 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.255.248 Subnet Range 192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.135 192.168.1.136 to 192.168.1.143 192.168.1.144 to 192.168.1.151 192.168.1.152 to 192.168.1.159

44. 44 Assigning of the Ranges NETMETRIC – MCSE – CISCO – Ccna – Ccnp – FIREWALL – ISA – Checkpoint – Net SQ – Clavister – Cisco PIX – MARKETING – Purchase – Sales – Stock – MCITP 192.168.1.32 – 1.63/27 192.168.1.96 – 1.127/27 192.168.1.128 – 1.159/27 192.168.1.160 – 1.191/27 192.168.1.64 – 1.95/27 192.168.1.64 – 1.79/28 192.168.1.80 – 1.95/28 192.168.1.96 – 1.99/30 192.168.1.100 – 1.103/30 192.168.1.104 – 1.107/30 192.168.1.108 – 1.111/30 192.168.1.112 – 1.115/30 192.168.1.128 – 1.135/29 192.168.1.136 – 1.143/29 192.168.1.144 – 1.151/29

45. 45 VSNL ROUTER 192.168.1.0/24 1.64/28 1.79/28 1.96/30 1.100/30 1.104/30 1.108/30 1.112/30 1.32/27 1.64/27 1.96/27 1.128/27 1.160/27 1.128/29 1.136/29 1.144/29

46. 46 It is reverse (inverse) of Subnetting Combining of Multiple Networks to Single Networks Converting Network Bits to Hosts Bits i.e. Converting 1’s into 0’s Generally design for Class C networks Easier Summarization It is also known as Supernetting CIDR Classless Inter Domain Routing

47. 47 VSNL ROUTER 192.168.1.0/24 1.64/28 1.79/28 1.96/30 1.100/30 1.104/30 1.108/30 1.112/30 1.32/27 1.64/27 1.96/27 1.128/27 1.160/27 1.128/29 1.136/29 1.144/29

48. 48 Requirement of Hosts is 1000 ? Example – 1 Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.0.0 No. of Host =2 h – 2  Req. of Host =2 10 – 2  1000 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) =1024 – 2 =1022 Hosts/Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP

49. 49 Example – 1 (Continued…) Range of Networks Network IDBroadcast ID 192.168.0.0 Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111.11111100.00000000 1286432 Valid Subnets 16 192.168.248.0–192.168.251.255 192.168.252.0– 192.168.255.255 –192.168.3.255 192.168.4.0–192.168.7.255 192.168.8.0 –192.168.11.255 192.168.12.0–192.168.15.255 844 0252.

50. 50 Requirement of Hosts is 12000 ? Example – 2 Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.0.0 No. of Host =2 h – 2  Req. of Host =2 14 – 2  12000 (-2 is for Network ID &BroadcastID) =16384 – 2 =16382 Hosts/Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP

51. 51 Example – 2 (Continued…) Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 0 11000000.00000000 12864 Range of Networks Network IDBroadcast ID 192.168.0.0 –192.168.63.255 192.168.64.0–192.168.127.255 192.168.128.0 –192.168.191.255 192.168.192.0–192.168.255.255 192.

52. 52