1. Multiplication Written Methods

2. Throughout their years at school, children should progress from informal jottings and number line methods to formal efficient written methods. By the end of Year 3, children should be confident using short efficient written methods for all four operations + - x ÷ Children become secure with these methods with regular practice and should be able to apply skills to problem solving.

3. Arrays An array provides a visual representation of a multiplication sum. Through this, the language of multiplication is introduced. 4 groups of 3 3 lots of 4 4 + 4 + 4 3 + 3 + 3 3 times 4 3 x 4 = 12

4. Blank Number Line An empty number line let’s us show multiplication as repeated addition by counting on in multiples or ‘lots’. 2 x 5 0 2 4 6 8 10 +2 1x22x23x24x25x2 0 2 4 6 8 10

5. Partitioning Method Partitioning method splits two digit numbers into Tens and Units before multiplying. This is in preparation for formal short method. 13 x 2 1 0 x 2= 30 3 x 2= 6 30 + 6 = 36 10 + 3 2 13 x 8 1 0 x 8= 80 3 x 8= 24 80 + 24 = 104 10 + 3 8

6. Your Turn! Can you use the partitioning method to solve these multiplications? 45 x 6 = 32 + 5 = 32 + 3 =

7. Column Multiplication Partitioning method leads onto a compact efficient written method. This method requires a solid understanding of place value. T U 2 3 3 6 9 x T U 5 7 5 285 x 3 7 x 5 = 35 Carry the tens beneath the line 5 x 5 =25 ADD the carried tens 25 + 3 = 28

8. Column Multiplication Rules of column multiplication – Start with the biggest number – Align the columns H T U – Times from the units first – Carry tens below the answer line of the next column – Add on carried tens T U + 4 2 x 5 =

9. Your Turn! Can you use the column method to solve these multiplications? 3 7 x 4 = 2 8 x 3 = 2 5 6 x 3 =

10. Column Multiplication Once children are confident multiplying TU x U we extend to TU x TU using an expanded method first. T U 2 3 3 3 9 (3 x 3) 6 0 (20 x 3) 9 0 (30 x 3) 6 0 0 (20 x 30) 7 5 9 x 1 20 3 303 60060 909 x +

11. Column Multiplication Once children are confident multiplying TU x U we extend to TU x TU using an expanded method first. T U 2 3 3 3 9 (3 x 3) 6 0 (20 x 3) 9 0 (30 x 3) 6 0 0 (20 x 30) 7 5 9 x 1 T U 2 3 3 3 6 9 (23 x 3) 6 9 0 (23 x 30) 7 5 9 x + + 1