1. Opening Activity: Wednesday  1. Sam is emigrating from his country because he heard that Australia has amazing surfing, and he is a professional surfer.  PUSH OR PULL FACTOR?????  2. Marley is moving to Canada from Saudi Arabia because her husband already lives here.  What class (type) of immigrant is Marley??  3. Calculate the Population Density of Bolivia:  Population: 10,088,108  Area: 1,099,000  1. Sam is emigrating from his country because he heard that Australia has amazing surfing, and he is a professional surfer.  PUSH OR PULL FACTOR?????  2. Marley is moving to Canada from Saudi Arabia because her husband already lives here.  What class (type) of immigrant is Marley??  3. Calculate the Population Density of Bolivia:  Population: 10,088,108  Area: 1,099,000

2. Agenda: Wed  REMINDER: 30 summative questions due tomorrow!!!  Finish multicultural stuff from yesterday  New topic: Aboriginal Peoples  REMINDER: 30 summative questions due tomorrow!!!  Finish multicultural stuff from yesterday  New topic: Aboriginal Peoples

3. CANADA’S ABORIGINAL PEOPLES

4. Who are Aboriginal Peoples?  Aboriginal Peoples: descendants (offspring/children of children) of Canada’s original inhabitants  Many Canadians have an Aboriginal heritage and some do not even know it  Just under 1 million Aboriginal people in Canada  Aboriginal Peoples: descendants (offspring/children of children) of Canada’s original inhabitants  Many Canadians have an Aboriginal heritage and some do not even know it  Just under 1 million Aboriginal people in Canada

5. Traditional view This is what many of us think of when we think of Aboriginal Peoples.

6. Reality... Just like all other Canadians, Aboriginal Peoples have a range of lifestyles. While some Aboriginal Peoples lead a very traditional lifestyle, others don’t.

7. Groups of Aboriginal Peoples  The Canadian government recognizes three groups of Aboriginal Peoples:  Indians (First Nations)  Métis  Inuit  The Canadian government recognizes three groups of Aboriginal Peoples:  Indians (First Nations)  Métis  Inuit

8. Indians (First Nations) Describes all the Aboriginal Peoples in Canada who are not Inuit or Métis  Status vs. Non-Status  Can be grouped into larger groups based on language--Ojibwa, Cree, Mi’kmaq, etc

9. Inuit  Aboriginal Peoples who live in the Canadian North  Nunavut, NWT, Northern Quebec and Labrador  Different sub-groups within the Inuit group  Aboriginal Peoples who live in the Canadian North  Nunavut, NWT, Northern Quebec and Labrador  Different sub-groups within the Inuit group

10. Metis  Individuals who have both Aboriginal and non- Aboriginal ancestry (background)  Reside in Ontario and provinces to the west  26% of the total First Nations population in Canada

11. Other groups…  Cree  Innu  Iroquois  Diné  Ojibwe  Wendat  Haida  Mi’kmaq  Dakota  Algonquin  Cree  Innu  Iroquois  Diné  Ojibwe  Wendat  Haida  Mi’kmaq  Dakota  Algonquin

12. Where do Aboriginal people live?  Everywhere!!!  In cities  In rural or remote areas  On reserves  Everywhere!!!  In cities  In rural or remote areas  On reserves  What is a reserve?  Area of land set aside for the use of a group of Aboriginal peoples—often a First Nation

13. A Brief History...  When Europeans began to settle in Canada, Aboriginal peoples became a minority  Hoping to establish and guard their rights, Aboriginal Peoples signed treaties (agreements) with the Europeans  Right to maintain economic base  Right to self-governance  Receive fair payment for land that was taken  The majority of treaties failed miserably and were unfair  When Europeans began to settle in Canada, Aboriginal peoples became a minority  Hoping to establish and guard their rights, Aboriginal Peoples signed treaties (agreements) with the Europeans  Right to maintain economic base  Right to self-governance  Receive fair payment for land that was taken  The majority of treaties failed miserably and were unfair

14. So what happened next?  Aboriginal people were forced to give up their land claims through the Indian Act, 1876  Forced to move to reserves— temporary at first, but became permanent  Aboriginal people were forced to give up their land claims through the Indian Act, 1876  Forced to move to reserves— temporary at first, but became permanent

15. Residential Schools--Reality  Aboriginal children were removed from their homes and sent here to “take the Indian out of the child”  130 schools, 150 000 students  Not allowed to practice native culture  Experienced abuse  When they returned home students often felt they did not belong  $1.9 billion in compensation now offered  Aboriginal children were removed from their homes and sent here to “take the Indian out of the child”  130 schools, 150 000 students  Not allowed to practice native culture  Experienced abuse  When they returned home students often felt they did not belong  $1.9 billion in compensation now offered

16. Aboriginal Claims Today…  When Aboriginal Peoples feel as though their rights are not being addressed, they will file a CLAIM

17. Self Government  The right to give input on issues that are important to your people. To regulate your own laws.

18. Largest land claim settlement in Canadian history…  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oyXOWOkjYKM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oyXOWOkjYKM  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oyXOWOkjYKM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oyXOWOkjYKM

19. Nunavut  The largest land claims settlement in Canadian history  On April 1, 1999, the map of Canada changed.  The former Northwest Territories (NWT) was divided in two, creating a new territory called Nunavut.  In the Inuit language, Inuktitut, the word "Nunavut" means "our land.”  The Nunavut population is 85% Inuit  The largest land claims settlement in Canadian history  On April 1, 1999, the map of Canada changed.  The former Northwest Territories (NWT) was divided in two, creating a new territory called Nunavut.  In the Inuit language, Inuktitut, the word "Nunavut" means "our land.”  The Nunavut population is 85% Inuit

20. Nunavut  The settlement gives Inuit control of more than 350,000 square kilometers of land  It also gives Inuit more than $1 billion over 14 years  It also gives them guaranteed participation in making decisions for managing lands and resources.  The settlement gives Inuit control of more than 350,000 square kilometers of land  It also gives Inuit more than $1 billion over 14 years  It also gives them guaranteed participation in making decisions for managing lands and resources.

21. Nunavut  The Nunavut government faces many challenges, including creating job opportunities for a large workforce of young people  About 56% of Nunavut's population is under the age of 25.  Other challenges: how to increase residents' income and education levels, how to cope with a cost of living that is two to three times higher than the rest of Canadians  The Nunavut government faces many challenges, including creating job opportunities for a large workforce of young people  About 56% of Nunavut's population is under the age of 25.  Other challenges: how to increase residents' income and education levels, how to cope with a cost of living that is two to three times higher than the rest of Canadians

22. High living costs…

23. Case Study  Read the case study in your textbook on page 52-53 to learn about more of Nunavut’s challenges