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1 Psychology 320: Psychology of Gender and Sex Differences Lecture 39.

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Presentation on theme: "1 Psychology 320: Psychology of Gender and Sex Differences Lecture 39."— Presentation transcript:

1 1 Psychology 320: Psychology of Gender and Sex Differences Lecture 39

2 2 Office Hour Invitations January 25 th, 1:30-2:30, Kenny 2517 12382115 17502121 19616119 21632096 22872097 26555094 37795101 46896106 46991113 57181117

3 3 Announcement CV workshop: Friday, January 25 th, 2:30-3:30. Presented by Drs. Sunaina Assanand and Michael Souza. Jointly sponsored by the PSA and Psychology Department (2012/13 Learning Smackdown Series). RSVP to psa.acadcoor@psych.ubc.ca. Provide your first and last name and e-mail address.

4 4 3. Are there sex differences in attitudes about sex? Romantic Relationships and Sexuality 2. What methods do researchers use to study human sexuality? 1. What research findings have emerged regarding romantic relationships among individuals who identify as lesbian or gay? (continued)

5 5 By the end of today’s class, you should be able to: 3. identify methodological problems associated with self-report research on human sexuality. 1. compare and contrast romantic relationships among individuals who identify as heterosexual and individuals who identify as lesbian or gay. 2. review the findings of Masters and Johnson’s observational research on human sexuality.

6 6 5. discuss the relationship between gender equality and sex differences in attitudes about sex. 4. identify sex similarities and differences in attitudes about sex.

7 7 (d) Factors that determine relationship satisfaction (continued): What research findings have emerged regarding romantic relationships among individuals who identify as lesbian or gay (continued)?

8 Relationship Quality Over 10 Years Among Lesbians, Gay Men, Heterosexuals (Kurdek, 2008) 8

9 9  The factors associated with relationship satisfaction among heterosexuals are also associated with relationship satisfaction among lesbians and gay men (Herek, 2006; Kurdek, 2006, 2008; Kurdek & Scmitt, 1986; Peplau & Beals, 2001): gender roles equity female vs. female characteristics/male vs. male characteristics relationship conflict

10 10  Same-sex couples display more constructive conflict management than heterosexual couples (e.g., use of a positive tone, demonstration of affection and humour, few displays of dominance; Gottman et al., 2003).  Gay men and lesbians are less likely than heterosexuals to exhibit the demand/withdraw pattern (Kurdek, 2004).

11 11 What methods do researchers use to study human sexuality? Observational research is rarely conducted in the study of human sexuality due to the sensitivity of the subject matter.

12 12 Notable exception: Masters and Johnson (1966)  Dispelled the “myth” of the vaginal orgasm; a continued subject of debate.  Identified four phases of the sexual response in humans: Excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution.  Demonstrated the occurrence of multiple orgasms in females.

13 13 The bulk of contemporary research on human sexuality employs self-report data. Self-report research on sexuality is susceptible to several problems:

14 14 1. Inaccurate recall of events. 2. Inaccurate estimation of frequencies. 3. Biased samples. 4. Socially desirable responding: 17% of female and 21% of male students report responding dishonestly to questions regarding sexuality (Siegal et al., 1998).

15 15 1. Peterson and Hyde (2010)  Examined data from 834 papers; approximately 1.5 million participants worldwide: Recent meta-analyses have identified sex similarities and differences with respect to attitudes about sex. Are there sex differences in attitudes about sex?

16 Attituded Extramarital sex.01 Intercourse—engaged.02 Homosexuality: Lesbians-.02 Masturbation.02 Acceptability of double standard.10 Premarital sex.17 Intercourse—committed-.18 Homosexuality: Gay men-.18 Anxiety, fear, guilt-.19 Gay rights-.20 Sexual permissiveness.21 Intercourse—casual.45 Sex Comparisons for Attitudes About Sex (Peterson & Hyde, 2010) 16

17 17  Also found that: (a) sex differences are larger for older samples than younger samples. (b) measures of gender equality (e.g., GEM) are negatively correlated with sex differences in attitudes about sex.

18 18 3. Are there sex differences in attitudes about sex? Romantic Relationships and Sexuality 2. What methods do researchers use to study human sexuality? 1. What research findings have emerged regarding romantic relationships among individuals who identify as lesbian or gay? (continued)


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