2. 2006 George R. Wiggans Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD wiggans@aipl.arsusda.gov USDA Genetic Evaluations for Type Traits

3. ADGA 2006 (2) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Type Traits  Describe physical characteristics of animal  Final Score (overall assessment)  Scored 50-99  Linear traits (13 traits)  Scored 1-50

4. ADGA 2006 (3) G.R. Wiggans 2006 History of Type Evaluations  1986 – Sire model for final score  1988 – Collection of linear traits  1989 – Sire model for linear traits  1995 – Multi-trait animal model  2000 – Base change  2005 – Base change

5. ADGA 2006 (4) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Numbers of Appraisals of Does 2000200120022003200420052006 Alpine8881,1418921,3681,0611,2541,185 Nubian1,0991,0599161,3451,1611,1731,330 Toggenburg404579408546453520687 LaMancha581546524714758584885 Saanen326552422436439541539 Oberhasli204268246328284299312 Experimental190263204244238182262 Sable-----4038 Total3,6924,4083,6124,9814,3944,593 5,238

6. ADGA 2006 (5) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Appraisals for Does in 2005 (n=4,593) TraitMeanSDMinMax Final score85.84.05593 Stature24.87.5150 Strength27.05.3348 Dairyness33.23.71245 Teat diameter20.47.2250 Rear legs27.73.5342 Rump angle30.56.0546 Rump width28.25.2450 Fore udder attachment33.75.5150 Rear udder height36.76.6550 Rear udder arch24.16.2548 Udder depth33.27.1550 Suspensory ligament25.44.71345 Teat placement17.55.8250

7. ADGA 2006 (6) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Evaluation model  An equation that indicates what factors contribute to an observation  Separates the genetic component from other factors  Solutions used to predict the genetic potential of progeny

8. ADGA 2006 (7) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Type Evaluation Model MODEL:y = h + a + p + e y = Adjusted type record h = Herd appraisal date a = Animal genetic effect (breeding value) p = Permanent environment Non-genetic effect common to all a doe's appraisals e = Unexplained residual

9. ADGA 2006 (8) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Multi-trait Model  Scores from one trait affect the evaluation of other traits through the genetic correlations

10. ADGA 2006 (9) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Genetic Correlations Final ScoreStrengthDairyness Fore Udder Attachment Final Score1.00.30-.15.66 Strength1.00-.51.15 Dairyness1.00-.16 F. Udder Att.1.00

11. ADGA 2006 (10) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Genetic Parameters  Heritability – Portion of variation due to genetics  Repeatability – Similarity of repeated records, includes genetic and permanent environmental effects

12. ADGA 2006 (11) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Heritability and Repeatability

13. ADGA 2006 (12) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Genetic Change per year from does born 1990 – 2003 TraitTrendR2R2 Rear legs-0.0600.979 Rear udder height-0.0580.931 Udder depth-0.0280.675 Fore udder attachment-0.0090.699 Rear udder arch0.0050.098 Final score0.0330.927 Dairyness0.0530.965 Rump width0.0590.829 Teat diameter0.0670.859 Strength0.1070.968 Suspensory ligament0.1190.970 Teat placement0.1950.983 Rump angle0.2400.987 Stature0.3890.957

14. ADGA 2006 (13) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Breeding value trend for type

15. ADGA 2006 (14) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Herds for Bucks Born 1999 – 2003 (n=2,451)

16. ADGA 2006 (15) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Daughters for Bucks Born 1999 – 2003 (n=2,451)

17. ADGA 2006 (16) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Distribution of Reliability for Final Score

18. ADGA 2006 (17) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Methods of Expressing evaluations  Estimated breeding value (EBV)  Animal’s own genetic value  Predicted transmitting ability (PTA)  ½ EBV  Expected contribution to progeny

19. ADGA 2006 (18) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Combining type and production Production-Type index(PTI)  Combines yield and type evaluations into a single value  There are 2 versions:  PTI 2:1, weights 2 production : 1 type  PTI 1:2, weights 2 type : 1 production

20. ADGA 2006 (19) G.R. Wiggans 2006 AIPL web services http://aipl.arsusda.gov/query/public/tdb.shtml #GoatsTBL  Queries provide display of:  Pedigree information  Yield records  Herd test characteristics  Genetic evaluations of does & bucks  Yield  Type  Access information using:  ID number  Animal name  Herd code

21. ADGA 2006 (20) G.R. Wiggans 2006 1918

22. ADGA 2006 (21) G.R. Wiggans 2006 1947

23. ADGA 2006 (22) G.R. Wiggans 2006 1977

24. ADGA 2006 (23) G.R. Wiggans 2006 2003

25. ADGA 2006 (24) G.R. Wiggans 2006 Summary  Type data contributes to genetic evaluations of Final Score and 13 linear traits  Multi-trait Animal Model combines information from all relatives and traits  Few bucks have many daughters in many herds so reliability is low  Production-type index combines evaluations  Substantial genetic progress is occurring in several traits