1. Science Chapter 10 & 11 Study Guide

2. Chapter 10  In a solar eclipse, the moon passes between Sun and Earth.  The imaginary line that Earth rotates around is known as its axis.  June 21 st or 22 nd is the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere; it is called the summer solstice.  Moon phases are apparent changes in the shape of the Moon.  The vernal equinox is the first day of spring in the Northern Hemisphere.  A lunar eclipse occurs when Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon, and the Moon moves into Earth’s shadow.

3.  A revolution is Earth moving one full trip around the Sun.  During a solar eclipse, the shadow parts cast on the Earth by the Moon are called the umbra and penumbra.  Earth and Moon exert different gravitational forces because they have different masses.  It takes the Moon 12 1/3 days to complete one revolution around the Earth.  Earth’s rotation on its axis causes day and night to take place on Earth.  The Earth’s tilt and its revolutions cause seasons to occur.

4.  When its is summer in the Northern Hemisphere, it is winter in the Southern Hemisphere.  The two days of the year when the length of the day and night are equal are the vernal equinox and the autumnal equinox.  Galileo presented evidence that the Earth revolves around the Sun.

5. Chapter 11  The distance that light travels in one year is known as a light year.  A meteoroid is a large piece of matter that enters Earth’s atmosphere and becomes very hot from air friction.  The first four planets from the Sun are called the inner planets.  Together, the Sun and all of the bodies that revolve around it are called the solar system.  The first stage in the formation of a star is called a protostar.

6.  The volume of the outer planets consists mostly of gases.  A comet is a small cluster of dust, ice and frozen gases with a solid center called a nucleus.  Comets orbit the Sun.  Earth is one of nine large bodies that revolve around the Sun. These nine large bodies are known as planets.  The brighter a star is, the greater its magnitude.  The magnitude of a star is the measure of brightness of a star.  Comets are small, orbiting bodies that are made up of dust, ice, and frozen gases.

7.  Meteors are chunks of matter that enter the atmosphere of Earth and may burn up or break apart.  Pluto is the planet farthest from the Sun.  The Sun is a star.