1. A. LEARNING ABOUT THE OCEAN: 1. Trading route 2. Scientific Discoveries 3. Exploring the ocean floor i. Sonar- floor mapping

2. B. FEATURES OF THE OCEAN FLOOR: - continental shelf - continental slope - abyssal plain - mid-ocean ridge - map on page 180-181

3. 1. Shallow water: a) Continental shelf: extends from the edge of the continent outward to where the bottom sharply drops off onto a steep slope. b) Continental slope: the steep incline between the continental shelf and the abyssal plain.

4. 2. Open ocean: a) abyssal plain: mostly flat portion of ocean floor which provides a home to a variety of unique organisms that are adapted to the extreme conditions of this habitat. b) mid-ocean ridge: A chain of undersea mountains that circles the earth through every ocean. c) seamount: a volcanic peak that rises at least 3280 feet (1000m) from the seafloor. Completely under water.

5. 3. Deepest depths: a. ocean trench: the deepest parts of the ocean. - the deepest one is the Marianas trench (South Pacific) b. hydrothermal vents: an opening in the sea floor where super-heated water and other material are discharged into the surrounding seawater.

6. C. MOVEMENTS OF THE OCEAN FLOOR: 1. Layers inside Earth: a. outer layer – crust b. between crust and core – Mantle c. center - Core 2. Earth’s plates: a. plates: solid rock that makes up Earth’s upper layer /crust - 14 major plates

8. 3. plates moving apart: a. seafloor spreading: a process by which new rock is added to the ocean floor along the boundary between diverging plates. 4. plates moving together: - involves one plate sinking under another.