1. Bellringer: 2/19 and 2/22 1.Pick up the papers at the door. 2.Take out your Pompeii primary source worksheet.

2. Agenda: Objectives : Describe the fall of Rome. Categorize and describe the causes of the fall of Rome. 1.Bellringer 2.Notes: Fall of Rome 3.Worksheet: Rome Cause and Effect 4.Glossary Work Time/Study Guide Annotations

3. The Fall of Rome

4. Setting the Stage for Rome’s Fall During the 3 rd century C.E., the sources of prosperity and peace that existed during Pax Romana disappeared.

5. What were the “immediate causes” of Rome’s fall? 2. Invasion of the Huns 1. Migrations by Germanic tribes Fall of the Western Roman Empire

6. Who were the Germanic Tribes? Barbarians! Gothic tribes (Visigoths): –lived along the Danube –Entered Rome –Fought and defeated the Romans at Adrianople in 378 –Sacked Rome in 410

8. Who were the Huns? Fierce Mongol nomads from central Asia. They began invading the regions of the Rhine and Danube rivers around 370 A.D., destroying all in their path! Who was Attila? The Huns powerful Chieftain (leader)

11. Political Issues Political office seen as burden, not reward. Military interference in politics. Civil war and unrest. Division of Empire. Moving of capital to Byzantium. Decline in interest in public affairs.

12. Social Issues Decline in interest in public affairs. Low confidence in empire. Disloyalty, lack of patriotism, corruption. Contrast between rich (patricians) and poor (plebeians).

13. Economic Issues Poor harvests. Disruption of trade. No more war plunder. Gold and silver drain. Inflation. Crushing tax burden. Widening gap between rich and poor and increasingly impoverished Western empire

14. Military Issues Threat from northern European tribes. Low funds for defense. Problems recruiting Roman citizens; recruiting of non-Romans. Decline of patriotism and loyalty among soldiers.

15. PoliticalSocialEconomicMilitary Political office seen as burden, not reward. Military interference in politics. Civil war and unrest. Division of Empire. Moving of capital to Byzantium. Decline in interest in public affairs. Low confidence in empire. Disloyalty, lack of patriotism, corruption. Contrast between rich and poor. Poor harvests. Disruption of trade. No more war plunder. Gold and silver drain. Inflation. Crushing tax burden. Widening gap between rich and poor and increasingly impoverished Western empire. Threat from northern European tribes. Low funds for defense. Problems recruiting Roman citizens; recruiting of non-Romans. Decline of patriotism and loyalty among soldiers.

16. Rome’s Final Years DIOCLETIAN CONSTANTINE The Roman Empire holds on for about 200 more years under the leadership of two individuals: 1. Diocletian 2. Constantine

17. Doubled the size of the army Set fixed prices for goods Persecuted Christians Divided the Empire in half – East and West because he thought it was too big to control –Rome splits into Eastern vs. Western Empires 1. Diocletian

18. 2. Constantine Controlled the Western Roman empire Continued Diocletian's reforms He renamed Byzantium to Constantinople. Edict of Milan allows Christianity in Rome

19. Rome’s Last Emperor: Romulus Augustulus A 14-year-old boy named Romulus Augustulus. –Ironic: Rome came full circle in a way 476 AD: Deposed by a German general named Odoacer and sent into exile.

20. How was Rome divided after its fall? WEST EAST ROMAN EMPIRE BYZANTINE EMPIRE

21. What territories/regions did Rome lose to the Byzantines?

22. CAUSEEFFECT Large estates were created when aristocrats took over state owned land and bought out small peasant owners. These large estates are also called: latifundia. Rome gains control of the western Mediterranean Sea. Julius Caesar names himself dictator for life and makes drastic changes in Rome (i.e. grants citizenship to many, expands the senate) and the senators fear that they might lose their influence. Major Events in Rome Directions: The following chart lists the causes and effects of certain events in Rome. Fill in the blanks. Rome’s economy relied heavily on trade. Rome establishes their republic. The republic was divided into two groups: Patricians and Plebeians. The Plebeians were citizens and could vote, but were not allowed to hold positions of power. Name: ________________ Block: _____ Date: ______