1. Chapter 4- Earth’s Chemistry By Samantha Thibodeau

2. Matter Volume and Mass Matter – anything that takes up space and has mass Volume – Amount of space an object takes up Mass – amount of matter or molecules in an object

3. Physical / Chemical Properties ▫Physical properties  Seen without changing composition of object ▫ Chemical Properties  How one substance reacts with another to create a new substance  A+B= C

4. Physical/ Chemical changes Physical change ▫Change in the way something looks but it can be changed back Chemical Change ▫Change in the way something looks and is altered chemically forever  Can never return to original appearance or state.

5. Atoms, Elements, Compounds, Molecules AtomsElementsCompoundsMolecules DefinitionThe smallest unit of an element that has the properties of that elements A substance that can not be broken down to simpler form than it is already in Two or more elements that are chemically combined The smallest unit of matter that can exist by itself and retain all a substance’s chemical properties. InvolvingThe element it was originated from The Earth and the processes of nature make elements Two or more elements of the periodic table One elements atom CreationExtreme energy causes the atoms to separate from their orbit around the nuclei Formed by the Earth Atoms need to have an equilibrium with other so they share or transfer electrons and create bonds. When atoms combined based on sharing or transferring electrons

6. Proton/ Electron- Cloud Proton – has a positive charge ▫Located: In the nucleus of an atom Neutron – no charge/ neutral ▫Located in the nucleus of an atom Electron – Negative charge ▫Located: orbiting the nucleus of an atom

7. Atomic Mass VS. Atomic Number Atomic Number ▫Number of protons in the nucleus Atomic Mass ▫Sum of protons and neutrons in nuclues

8. How the Periodic Table is Organized 1.Based on the number of protons in the atoms(atomic Number) 2.Based on the atomic mass 3.The columns are organized by number of valance electrons(outer electrons) 4.Rows organized by number of electron shells 5.Based on the classified state of the element (metal, nonmetal, metalloid)