1. Warm-up: How would you live your life if you knew that when you died, you’d end up in one of these two places?

2. The Power of the Church Popes and the Catholic Church vs. the Kings of Europe

3. Introduction By 500 AD, Germanic Invasions had all but destroyed the urban world of the Roman Empire Trade Declined Cities, bridges, and roads fell into disrepair and disuse. Law and Order Vanished, and education almost disappeared Money was no longer used For most, life did not extend beyond the tiny villages where they were born, lived and died Dark Ages

4. Western Europe was so backward because of this decline that the early part of this period was once called the Dark Ages Medieval – Latin for Middle Age Transition between ancient and modern times Out of this violent medieval period, or Middle Ages, a dynamic civilization arose. Combined elements classical and Germanic cultures with Christian beliefs

5. Medieval Life Review Feudalism - highly decentralized form of government that developed in western Europe. Stressed alliances of mutual protection between monarchs and nobles of various degrees of power. Land given to nobles in exchange for loyalty and military aid With the land came peasants to farm it Nobles also had powers over land usually reserved for governments

6. Medieval Church The decline of Rome led the church to take on many political and social tasks Bishop of Rome, now the Pope, became the strongest political leader in W. Europe. The Pope claimed spiritual authority over all Christians After the fall of Rome…the church takes on the central authority

7. Religious Role Church taught all were sinners Only way to receive grace was through sacraments Most people did not understand rituals Priest spoke in Latin and most could not read or write Much was learned from statues, paintings and stained glass windows that adorned most churches

8. Church Teachings Super Huge Concept: There is heaven and there is hell Lead a good life and follow church laws and you will go to heaven Otherwise…

9. The Church in the Middle Ages Another Super Huge Fact: The Church was the single most powerful organization in western Europe during the Middle ages Dominated people’s lives, from peasants to kings Manorialism Feudalism THE CHURCH

10. Think about it… Is the Church the most powerful organization today? Does the Church or your religion play a huge role in your everyday life? IT WAS AND IT DID In the Middles Ages, IT WAS AND IT DID

11. How did the Church get so powerful? 1. By being incredibly organized 2. By gain wealth and political power, greater than some kings! 3. By spreading its teachings all over western Europe

12. Church Wealth Kings and nobles donated land or left it to the Church when they died Everyone tithed--paid taxes for services provided by Church Church became the biggest landowner Land = Wealth in the Middle Ages!!!

13. Church Organization 1. Pope in Rome 2. Archbishops (regions) 3. Bishops (major cities) 4. Priests (manors and villages) 5. Monks and nuns (monasteries) Religious community

14. Monastic Life Monks dressed simply (robes) Rule of silence Women – known as Nuns Monasteries for women known as convents

15. Influence of Monasteries Provided school for young Hospitals for sick Food for needy Some became missionaries

16. The Power of the Church Many Bishops and Abbots were nobles who received land Local lords began to control many church offices and lands – contrary to church tradition – appointing leaders Signs of corruption

17. Importance of Priests Priests were very important in spreading Christian teachings to everyday people One on every manor Made sure they were following canon law —church laws that guided behavior

18. What did priests do? Mass on Sunday Weddings and baptisms Talk to villagers about their problems Bury the dead Heal the sick Teach reading and writing Collect tithes Keep all village records

19. The Church in the Middle Ages Religion was a huge part of everyday life People were Christian/Roman Catholic People were loyal to the Pope – the head of the Roman Catholic Church Freedom of religion was an unknown concept

20. Church Reforms Many devout Christians called for reforms Began in monasteries Goal of reforms: Free Church from control of feudal lords Reforms: Pope would be chosen by cardinals Pope would appoint bishops and other officials

21. Pope Gregory VII vs. HRE Henry IV Practice of lay investiture common in HRE, Church not happy about it Emperor appointed whoever they wanted to be church officials In 1075, Gregory bans lay investiture Henry IV orders Pope to step down Gregory excommunicates Henry IV

22. Pope Gregory VII vs. HRE Henry IV German church officials side with the Pope January 1077, Henry IV crosses snowy Alps to go to Rome and beg Pope’s forgiveness Pope forgives Henry IV In 1122, Church and HRE agree to end lay investiture with the Concordat of Worms Pope appoints bishops, Emperor can veto

23. Fighting Heresy Heresy – a religious belief held by an individual that the Church does not agree with Pope Innocent III – condemned drunkenness, feasting, and dancing among clergy Stop spread of heresy (denial of basic church teachings) Convert first/ crush later

24. The Inquisition Court set up to seek out and punish heretics Many accused without proof Punishments- prison or death https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ZegQYgygdw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tym0MObFpTI